Paul O'Brian writes about Watchmen, trivia, albums, interactive fiction, and more.

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An assortment of covers from some of the works reviewed in this post.

What I Read in 2023, part 1

I found I had so much to say about William Blake, Alan Moore, and Watchmen that I needed two separate Bestiary entries to cover it — one about Blake and Watchmen, and another about Blake and Moore. It was that second entry that occupied me heading into 2023, a long period of which was dedicated to Moore’s massive tome Jerusalem. I also read other various background on Moore, including an unpleasant excursion back through From Hell.

On the fun side, I was continuing a sojourn through my alphabetical shelf of unread comics, going through the “N”s. That meant getting to dive into revivals of my all-time favorite comic (at least the first 54 issues of it), The New Mutants. That was pretty great, except that one of those runs lacked my all-time favorite character, Wolfsbane. I also delved into Marvel’s “Infinity Comics” — digital-only scrollfests residing on Marvel Unlimited. Finally, this was the period when I read through every Far Side comic ever published, a deeply enjoyable journey.

I wrote these reviews without regard for spoilers, so heads up. In particular, there are some bigger ones for New Fantastic Four and The New Mutants (2009)


New Avengers (2015)

Al Ewing et al.
9.3/10 · January 15, 2023

It was instructive to read these coming straight off of Hickman’s Avengers books, because they were a reminder to me of how fun and appealing a good superhero team book can be if written with a sense of verve and humor rather than dour cynicism. Plus, the premise of Roberto DaCosta leading an Avengers team and being a master planner? OF COURSE I’m going to buy that. I dug the exploration of lesser-known heroes, the harmonization between New Mutants and Young Avengers, and the sheer liveliness of it — “Squirrel powers, girl powers. Does comp-sci, so she’s got URL powers, which are IRL powers. I’m not sorry.” Much of the art is fairly ugly, unfortunately, especially Gerardo Sandoval. Oh well, the writing is good throughout.


The Death of Doctor Strange: Blade

Danny Lore and Dylan Burnett
8.0/10 · January 16, 2023

Superhero deaths are so transient that a big event exploring the supposed death of a major character feels more like another alternate universe story. I mean, hasn’t everybody in the MU caught on yet that they always come back? Certainly vampires, given their longevity, should be a little less naive. So okay, we accept the premise that everybody really believes the Doc is gone for good. Given that, it’s reasonably interesting to think that vampires might think their biggest threat is off the board, and that Blade would be tasked with keeping them in check. This story does some basic work exploring that premise, and it’s satisfying… until you remember how little it matters.


Venom: Lethal Protector (2022)

David Michelinie and Ivan Fiorelli
8.2/10 · January 16, 2023

Venom is far from my favorite character, but at least this series is written by Michelinie, whose work I generally enjoy. It’s also set near the very beginning of Venom’s career, in what now feels like a much more innocent age. And there’s a fair amount of knowing humor, like the supervillain who has a bunch of cassette recordings of insect sounds, and asks whether the evil legion’s health insurance plan includes dental. I came out of it still not caring that much about Venom, but also without the teeth-on-edge feeling I get from most of their stories.


New Fantastic Four (2022)

Peter David and Alan Robinson
9.1/10 · January 26, 2023

It’s a lucky thing I read all those Joe Fixit issues a few months ago, since this is more of Peter David setting gray Hulk stories in Vegas. It’s a fun ride — as witty and playful as you’d expect from PAD, with bold and clean art by Robinson. The twist to defeat the Big Bad at the end felt like it had been used a bit too often before — it’s essentially how you defeat a boggart in Harry Potter — but it’s executed well enough. Also, “John Priest” the priest felt like maybe a funny little reference to Christopher Priest (aka Priest) the priest. Interesting how that new character gets introduced in a story set long ago in continuity — given the final scene with Daimon Hellstrom, one wonders if PAD has plans for how Priest the priest might emerge in modern stories. We’ll see, I guess!


The New Mutants (2009)

Marvel
9.2/10 · February 5, 2023

I had read the first 37 issues of this a while ago, and hit #38-50 on my shelf travels. I went ahead and reread everything, so that I could get the whole series at once (which ended at #50). This was during the period where Wolfsbane was off in X-Force (still haven’t read those), and a New Mutants book without my favorite character is never going to be top shelf for me. It’s the period where the X-Men have established “Utopia” island, and this book tries to figure how the New Mutants fit into that. It gets there gradually, finally hitting upon the theme of “Unfinished Business”, which I enjoy quite a bit. There are SO many dangling plot threads in mutantville. Doug Ramsey is resurrected to good effect, even revisiting the horrible “Ani-Mator” story with something deeper and more effective. Overall a welcome time spent with old friends (and some less welcome freeloaders like X-Man), but there’s a limit to how good the squad can get without Rahne.


New Mutants (2019)

Jonathan Hickman, Ed Brisson, Rod Reis, Vita Ayala, Charlie Jane Anders, et al
9.4/10 · February 25, 2023

This iteration of New Mutants is of a piece with the whole current Krakoan X-Zeitgeist and style, including the interpolation of text-only pages among the story pieces. I find that I really like this style overall – it lends opportunities to deepen characterization, provide exposition and background, or resolve lingering questions without detracting from or derailing the story. In particular, I enjoyed the journal entries from various cast members. In the Rahne Report, Hickman clearly had no idea what to do with her, but Brisson and especially Ayala did stronger work. She’s clearly still dealing with the loss of her child, as she should be. I hope this plot thread gets followed – is he still alive? Speaking of Ayala, she seems focused on making New Mutants a showcase for marginalized identities & voices, which is great, but she also kind of makes everybody sound like a trauma therapist, which is not so great. I mean, it’s good as a thing to model for kids, but makes for some jarring character moments. While we’re on the topic of creators, Rod Reis is an excellent New Mutants artist – the closest thing I’ve seen to Sienkiewicz on any New Mutants work since, well, Sienkiewicz himself.


Captain Marvel (2019) #1-44

Kelly Thompson et al.
9.5/10 · March 14, 2023

So, I always found Carol Danvers to be a fairly bland character. The military background, the generic superpowers, the cringey history – none of it really draws me in. Well, Kelly Thompson has changed all that. This series totally sold me on Captain Marvel, at least the way Thompson writes her. Under Thompson’s pen, Carol is snarky, competent, unrelenting, impatient, nurturing, independent, moody… a great cocktail that mixes together into a deeply human character, despite her Kree background. Having a single writer on the title for so long also allows for a wonderful long game – plots that play out while planting seeds for other developments much further down the line, deepening character as they go. It was a real pleasure, and made me much more a fan of both the character and the writer.


Immortal X-Men (2022) #1-9

Kieron Gillen, Lucas Werneck, and Michele Bandini
8.9/10 · March 22, 2023

This series focuses on the Quiet Council of Krakoa, with the gimmick that each issue is narrated from the perspective of a different member. This gives Gillen some fun opportunities for character voices, digging into the inner life of these 12 characters, who span the wide ethical spectrum of mutandom. The whole thing seems to turn on two characters: Destiny and Mr. Sinister, each of whom engages with the future in a different way. Destiny sees possible outcomes, and it moves her to embrace seemingly unlikely actions and allies in order to advance objectives further down the timestream. This is an intriguing perspective, and lends her actions a certain, uh, mystique. Sinister, on the other hand, seems to have cloned Moira in a way that allows him essentially SAVE and RESTORE commands in reality, which is if anything more fascinating. The main flaw, and I realize this is old-fashioned of me, is that I’m so, so weary of antiheroes. Ethical and moral divisions in our world are starker than ever – is it too much to ask for superheroes to fight on the side of good? In a Hickman-ruled world, it seems the answer is yes.


X-Men Unlimited Infinity Comic #1-81

Marvel
8.9/10 · April 3, 2023

First, the format. If you like scrolling, you’ll love these scrolling comics, which replace gutters with swipes. I do not love scrolling, so I found this format mildly annoying, though I appreciated some of the formal experimentation that resulted from endlessly falling downwards through the story. As for the stories themselves, they were by and large pretty enjoyable, though it’s an anthology series, so there’s naturally some variation in there. By far the most interesting is the ongoing saga of “X-Men Green”, in which the very very minor character Nature Girl is pushed past her breaking point by pollution, and goes on a revenge tour for the planet, accompanied by even more minor character Curse, plus Sauron. In a superhero context, the story gets to explore some pretty interesting territory about when extremism is or isn’t justified, and what it means when a person’s disturbed psychology melds with and/or eclipses the movement they’re trying to represent. Nature Girl is both very sympathetic and very unsympathetic at the same time – a pretty good trick.


Spider-Punk (2022)

Cody Ziglar and Justin Mason
8.3/10 · April 5, 2023

Here we have yet another alternate universe, or Spider-verse, I guess, in which Hobie Brown is not the Prowler, but rather a punk rock version of Spider-Man, along with punk-ish versions of lots of other heroes, and corporate/capitalist/racist versions of their villains. Now, I generally have little patience for alternate universes, but at least in this one the tone is light, fun, and energetic, rather than dour, gory, or nihilistic. I still, ultimately, don’t care about these characters that much, but I liked being in their world, which counts for something.


Jerusalem

Alan Moore
9.2/10 · April 7, 2023

Well, what to say about this massive and overwhelming experience? I’m not sure there’s any such thing as a capsule review of Jerusalem – it would be like trying to fit the Atlantic Ocean into a juice box. So I’ll just mention a few things. The level of audacity in formal experimentation is just breathtaking, if sometimes a little insane. In particular, the Joycean chapter “Round The Bend” took me as long to read as the other 1,218 pages put together, if not longer. Thank goodness for the excellent annotations some web citizens have put together. The character of Alma Warren seems pretty transparently like a self-insertion for Moore, which provides an entertaining level of meta when the chapters of the book get reflected in Alma’s paintings, not to mention his descriptions of her personality and her “quite ordinary individual madness.” Finally, it’s given me probably the most satisfying understanding I’ll ever get of the “block universe” as advocated by Dr. Manhattan and, well, Einstein. It’s a book that probably can only be understood with multiple readings, but who in this life has that kind of time?


Road to Captain America: Cold War

Marvel
8.4/10 · April 8, 2023

Captain America: Symbol of Truth #1-3 + Captain America: Sentinel of Liberty #1-3. I found these pretty enjoyable – seemingly unrelated tales of two different Captain Americas (Wilson + Rogers), but both with a sense of adventure and nobility, and both rooted in the characters’ history. I read it based on an email prompting, and it’s not like it really stuck with me even a week later, but I enjoyed it while it lasted.


New Mutants: Dead Souls

Matthew Rosenberg and Adam Gorham
6.0/10 · April 8, 2023

I’m beginning to get a bead on Matthew Rosenberg, and it’s not good. He’s not nearly as extreme or frustrating as Donny Cates, but he is similarly focused on flashy moments, big reveals, and upsetting deaths, with very little regard for the connective tissue that makes these things pieces of a satisfying story. This whole series ends in a big moment that then is summarily pretty much ignored, being treated as a sideshow in a few later issues of Rosenberg’s X-Men, and even then without much explanation of how we got from A to B. Also, he killed Wolfsbane in that same series, in a cheap and (I think accidentally) transphobic way, so that helps him not at all in my estimation. The one good moment in here is her reconciliation with Guido, and the continuity-respecting flashbacks into her nightmares. But otherwise, this feels like an alternate universe story, and more or less gets treated as one.


Free Comic Book Day 2022: Avengers/X-Men

Marvel
6.6/10 · April 16, 2023

As a FCBD issue, this is meant as a taste that leaves you wanting more. In that, it’s inconsistent. The lead story, an opener to another big “somebody vs. somebody” story, is logical enough – in fact, I kinda can’t believe there hasn’t already been an Eternals story treating the mutants as deviants. (Maybe there has, given that Marvel has long since stopped referencing past issues.) But I’m not inspired to seek out the event. Even less interesting was the “daughter of Blade” story, which feels both derivative and pandering. But “Let’s Talk About Krakoa”, with MJ and Aunt Anna as the beneficiaries of mutant medicine, pulled me in immediately. I still don’t have the time to seek out what the follow-up was at the Hellfire Gala, but this story left me wanting to know.


Ben Reilly: Spider-Man (2022)

J.M. DeMatteis and David Baldeón
8.5/10 · April 16, 2023

This is yet another manifestation of the comics truth that good writing can make up for a multitude of flaws. In this case, the problem is a premise that centers on one of the deepest nadirs in Spider-Man history: that moment when Ben Reilly was declared to have been the real Peter Parker all along, so that everything since the doofy Jackal story in ASM #149 was about a clone. Sheesh. The solution to this problem is J. M. DeMatteis, who takes this stupid premise seriously and redeems it with a legitimate psychological exploration of not only this tortured character but also some of the dire 90s characters that surrounded him. Damned if I didn’t find myself enjoying it despite its pedigree.


The Complete Far Side Volume 1 – January 1980 to June 1984

Gary Larson
9.6/10 · April 20, 2023

What an absolute delight this was. While lots of comic collections show the gradual maturation of a voice, Larson seems to have emerged more or less fully formed. I mean yes, the jokes and the artistic touches got even sharper over time, but much of the early stuff can easily stand alongside the later work. It’s also great fun to hear the stories of people reacting so strongly to the strip, often based on misunderstanding or just plain NOT understanding. Given that much of Larson’s humor comes from failure and stupidity, there’s something almost poetic about the way a swath of people stupidly fail to get it.


The Complete Far Side Volume 2 – July 1984 to June 1988

Gary Larson
9.4/10 · April 29, 2023

Being a continuation of the previous volume, of course this was a joy. I loved re-experiencing all these cartoons, most of which I don’t remember at all from the first time around. One thing that did take me a bit by surprise, though, was how some of them really haven’t aged well. Of course there are the then-contemporary references that are much more of a reach 35 years later (“Babette’s Botulism: The Sequel”). But also there are a variety of uncomfortable moments with gender, and some takes on racist Western and Jungle movie tropes that don’t really do anything to remove the racism. Also, seeing “Clarence” in the list of “Unfair Animal Names” made me hope my friend Gwen’s kid never stumbles across this collection. Still, these moments are the exception – by and large Larson’s genius shines through the pages, finding bizarre (and sometimes) dark angles on well-worn ideas, alchemically turning them fresh again, and sometimes creating things that nobody else had ever even come close to seeing or thinking of before.


William Blake vs. the World

John Higgs
9.3/10 · May 3, 2023

Damn it, this felt even more brilliant the second time around. It’s frustrating because now I want to go and read everything by John Higgs, when I patently do not have the time to do so. Maybe I’ll put something on my wish list, and then do the deeper dive if it comes up. We can see how well that works out. In any case, this is absolutely enjoyable on its own, and offers plenty of wonderful grist for thinking about Blake and Moore, especially when it comes to Eternalism. Also, the Swedenborg stuff keeps making me think my friend Trish should read it, since she was for a long time part of the Swedenborgian “New Church”. I suspect she also patently does not have time to do so. I sure hope Moore is right about Upstairs, because that’s the only way I’ll ever get through all the books I want to read.


Superman: The Man of Steel vol. 1

John Byrne
8.2/10 · May 9, 2023

Reprinting Man of Steel #1-6. Byrne’s Superman “reboot” is gorgeously drawn, as one might expect. It’s also, from my DC-distanced eyes, not that much of a reboot. I mean, I’m sure there are some things that are changed from established DC continuity, but I don’t have any advanced degrees in that continuity, so I didn’t really feel those differences much. Instead, I read through the whole thing in one sitting and went, “Yep, that’s Superman’s origin alright.” I guess Bizarro is now a failed experiment rather than a freak from a square planet, and I guess Batman isn’t as much a Super-Friend as an uneasy ally, and I guess Krypton turned radioactive then exploded, but all of those seem like they’re still coloring well within the lines. Which is all fine, but it didn’t make Superman any more exciting or interesting for me. He’s still the same bland, impervious dude he always was. But gorgeously drawn.


The Complete Far Side Volume 3 – July 1988 to December 1994

Gary Larson
9.8/10 · May 21, 2023

Having now read every Far Side there is to read, I am just so grateful that I own this archive. The Far Side was a touchstone when I was growing up, and helped develop my emerging sense of humor for the better. Larson’s peak years coincided with my formative years for dark, bizarre amusement, and therefore a tour of his brain included lots of inroads into mine. Not everything lands, and some things haven’t aged all that well, but as a definitive statement of an essential comedic sensibility, the collection is absolutely invaluable, and it will always have a place on my bookshelf.


The Far Side Gallery 3

Gary Larson
9.5/10 · May 21, 2023

This landed on my shelf prior to my acquisition of the Complete Far Side, so while it’s headed to the used bookstore now, I still took the time to read it. In a way, it’s more pleasurable to read than the Complete, because most cartoons are reproduced at a larger size. On the other hand, if they’d been this large in the full archive, the dang thing would have been twice its already enormous size. So I savored these Larson cartoons in their better reproduction, sans the various letters of complaint and confusion that pepper the complete collection. As with the others, I just loved the black humor, and some of the jokes popped a little better at a larger size, even though I’d read them all recently already.


It’s Jeff! Infinity Comic #1-24

Kelly Thompson and Gurihiru
9.4/10 · May 21, 2023

This is a super random character who seems tonally out of place, whose history (such as it is) I don’t know, and who I really don’t care about at all. Suffice it to say my expectations were low, but man, Kelly Thompson. She is so good at all the different registers, and her team up with Gurihiru (a studio, not a person) here is amazingly entertaining, for what it is. An almost completely silent comic with a sweet and light tone, managing to pull off making a toothy shark (one of my most feared animals, thanks to the Jaws poster being everywhere when I was 5 years old) incredibly cute and delightful! The playful renderings of various superheroes keep the whole thing Marvel-flavored, but nothing like the regular adventure-drama books. Instead, it’s bunches of easter eggs to reward longtime readers, while remaining 100% accessible to little kids. Bravo!


Alligator Loki #1-24

Alyssa Wong and Bob Quinn
9.7/10 · May 23, 2023

Hot on the heels (er, fins) of It’s Jeff comes Alligator Loki, another very funny silent comic with an aquatic anthropomorphic animal protagonist. Alligator Loki comes straight from the world of TV, having no prior presence in the comics, and the It’s Jeff model is a fine way to bring him in. Even better, the comic is done exceedingly well, even better than It’s Jeff, with equally good writing and art that is so charming that it legit made me LOL multiple times. Very hard to do for me! A.L.’s facial expressions are a wonder, switching between devious, embarrassed, worried, frustrated, and realms between with incredible facility, and I love the way that yeah, he’s a funny animal, but he is also definitely a Loki, and will choose the selfish path to power almost every time. Jokes are constructed extremely well, and paid off by fantastic art that truly sells the feelings behind the gags. Much like It’s Jeff, this is a comic I did not at all expect to love, which makes it so much more fun that I did, I really did!


Miles Morales: Spider-Man (2022) #1-3

Cody Ziglar and Federico Vicentini
9.0/10 · May 23, 2023

It’s nice to get into some of the most recent Miles stuff as his new movie’s getting ready to come out, and I enjoyed these three issues a fair bit. Possibly I’m experiencing unconscious bias based on the fact I know Cody Ziglar is Black, but Miles’ voice in this book sounded more authentically Black than under any other writer in my experience… which I guess is pretty much just Bendis and Ahmed, so okay. I’m also intrigued by the direction the first arc is taking, looking at the basic unfairness built into the charter school lottery system. Yeah, our hero is the beneficiary of that system, but those who are left behind have a legitimate grievance about it, and I appreciate that this villain is being shown with an understandable agenda and a basic kindness towards the others who are outside the blast radius of her resentment. I’d read more of this.


Who is MODOK? Infinity Comic

Jordan Blum and Damian Couceiro
8.4/10 · May 23, 2023

As Marvel’s Infinity Comics proliferate, they’re finding the kinds of work that naturally fit the form. One of those is short, wordless pieces, like It’s Jeff and Alligator Loki. It turns out that recapping a character’s history is another. There’s no strong narrative drive to pull us along fast enough that the scrolling becomes an annoyance. Instead, it’s kind of a picaresque journey through lightly connected moments, preferably done with a bit of humor. This one has a clever device, too, of re-downloading memories and finding that they paint a frustrating picture in summary. There’s not much more to it than that – perhaps this is meant to be a companion to something else? – but I appreciated the craft that went into this one.


Demon Wars: Down In Flames #1

Peach Momoko
4.5/10 · May 23, 2023

So, first of all, when looking to sample Peach Momoko, I picked this to read because it seemed self-contained – a #1 issue, so a good jumping-on point. NOPE! Despite it being a #1, the very second page calls it “Into The Spirit World: Part Three”. Say wha? A #1 issue in the middle of an arc? Because…? Well, okay, so I read a recap which seemed kind of impenetrable to me, and then I read the story and it just… bounced off me. I know people love this stuff, but it just feels like gibberish to me, and some of the really exaggerated moments (a baby tri-clops who cries so hard that the gush of tears splits rocks, destroys creatures, and travels for miles?) just make me shake my head. I wish you well, lovers of this thing, but I will not be joining you.


From Hell

Alan Moore & Eddie Campbell
7.7/10 · May 25, 2023

Once was enough for me with From Hell – I had no desire to revisit its horrific world. But my Blake/Moore research suggested to me that in the writing of it, Moore re-encountered Blake in a way that was deeply formative to Moore’s current personality, so I swam through its bloody muck in search of the Blakean moments. They were there to be found, but my god, this book is just stomach-turning in its brutality of body and spirit. And what’s more, I’m not sure I’m even going to be able to use what’s there, though it’s gone into the soil so we’ll see what turns up as I dig. It’s brilliantly done, yes, but it’s also as dark as Moore’s vision gets, and parts of it go past the point where I’m willing to follow.


Alan Moore Spells It Out

“Bill Baker”
7.3/10 · May 25, 2023

I have to put the authorship in quotes here because really, this is just an Alan Moore interview put into “book” form. I also have to put “book” in quotes, because come on, it’s like 75 small pages with fairly large type. I’m starting to recognize this as a genre, like Einstein and the Poet, in which somebody spends some time with someone noteworthy and then publishes mostly that person’s words under their own name. Kinda shady. As for the content… yep, it’s an Alan Moore interview, from the ABC era. Nothing particularly new or revealing – I didn’t flag any of the pages. Perfectly enjoyable for what it is, but quite inessential.

An assortment of covers from some of the works reviewed in this post.

What I Read in 2022, part 3

This part of 2022 was one of the more difficult parts of my life. I spent a lot of it, when I wasn’t working or tending to my family, at my dad’s bedside with my mom. He never recovered from the stroke he’d had on the operating table, and was in no shape for the chemo or radiation treatments that might have prolonged his life, and in any case the quality of that life was not great and got worse and worse. He died on December 9.

In the meantime, I was reading comics and lots of stuff about William Blake, and also Alan Moore. The Blake and Moore reading was in service of two Watchmen Bestiary posts, one focused on Blake and one focused on Moore. As for the comics, I’d gotten through the Marvel Previews (though I jumped on each new one as I picked it up from the comic book store) and was moving on to some of the other M’s on the shelf, including various Marvels and some indie comics as well. They comforted, as always.

There are spoilers here and there. In particular I cite a major concept from Busiek and Cinar’s series The Marvels.


William Blake vs. The World

John Higgs
8.9/10 · July 28, 2022

Most of the reading associated with my Watchmen project feels like work, but this one was a pleasure. Higgs brings a fantastic humanity and an eclectic body of knowledge to his examination of Blake, and in the process renders Blake’s often bizarre expression understandable and fascinating. There are also a bunch of really relevant references, like to Moore’s Jerusalem and to the King Mob riots! Also, the writing itself is a pleasure to read. A delightful find for this part of the project.


The Cambridge Companion to William Blake

Morris Eaves, ed.
7.1/10 · September 20, 2022

In a strange twist of life, despite not having been in academia for 28 years I find myself reading an essay by David Simpson, for whom Laura and I used to house-sit. And I’ve ended up citing it in the draft of my Blake & Watchmen post! This is a collection of academic essays, most written in blessedly non-jargony and non-theory-heavy prose. They tend to vary in usefulness and enjoyability, generally staying in the 35% – 75% range, with a few stronger moments and a few sloggier passages. A good survey of scholarly viewpoints on various aspects of Blake and his work, with some occasionally interesting biographical and structural insights. Also, I felt really validated by the number of full-on Blake scholars admitting that Jerusalem is really, really hard to read.


Annotated Marvels sources

Marvel
9.2/10 · September 25, 2022

Annotated Marvels came up in my (incomplete) issue collection shortly after I’d already read it for the random Previews project — too soon to just reread. But as it happens, each of these annotated issues includes a list of sources, so I decided to read those sources in conjunction with rereading the issue, to see how Busiek & Ross wove together the history of the MU from Phil Sheldon’s viewpoint. Kind of a very pale shadow of the Watchmen project. As with the larger work, deeper knowledge of the well deepens the delight of reading. Even aside from how brilliant Busiek is at constructing a coherent history, it’s super cool to see Ross’s renderings juxtaposed with the original art. A long but pleasant journey.


Wolverine: Journey of Time

Jody Houser and Marco Itri
4.3/10 · September 25, 2022

This is like a 16 page version of those old Hostess Twinkies superhero ads, except instead of Twinkies it’s motorcycles. Silly and meaningless — what’s a little fun at one page is a total waste of time at 16.


Star Wars: The High Republic (2021)

Cavan Scott et al.
8.4/10 · October 2, 2022

An enjoyable little series, with reasonable characters + situations. Nothing that blew my socks off, but I don’t regret the time spent. It’s nice to see Jedi wrestling with moral dilemmas, and figuring out how to hold the line “for light and life.” That’s a refreshing change from the usual Jedi storyline of “struggling back from extinction.”


She-Hulk: Law and Disorder Infinity Comic

Charles Soule, Javier Pulido, and Ron Wimberly
6.7/10 · October 4, 2022

Read up to current episode (#12). So this was a pleasant, entertaining enough read up until issue #9, when somebody called Ron Wimberly takes over the art and it becomes just HIDEOUS. Everybody looks like a halfhearted attempt at cubism — neither good to look at nor thought-provoking. Wimberly completely ruins whatever goodwill the first 8 issues built up, and distracts fatally from the story. It might be worth (mildly) recommending again once he’s gone, but man, until then, AVOID.


The Marvels #11-12

Kurt Busiek & Yildiray Cinar
9.3/10 · October 5, 2022

A satisfying conclusion to the story. I really appreciated the way it addressed multiple levels of comics history at once, something Busiek is perfectly suited for. Lots of great comics metacommentary, like the Torch’s bafflement at inserting a fictional new country amongst a bunch of real countries — “How does that even WORK?” Even more, though, I loved the way it literalizes the metaphorical operation of superheroes — if Captain America is a simile by being like America, Siancong is a metaphor by BEING Siancong. That some fictional broken humans try to absorb that metaphorical power for real destruction is an apt metaphor for what some real broken humans do.


All Marvel’s Voices issues (as of 10/18/2022)

Marvel
8.5/10 · October 18, 2022

Like any anthology, let alone anthology of anthologies, this is kind of a mixed bag. But I love the basic concept of highlighting marginalized creators and marginalized characters (or at least characters from marginalized backgrounds, but there’s an awful lot of overlap.) There’s a fair amount of meh, much of it driven by the enforced shortness of the stories, but there are some gems, including a Dani/Rahne story in “Indigenous Voices” that I am going to have to track down on paper. Also, D-Man and his trans superhero support group is great, and the Iceman stories in the infinity comics do a fine job of defining Bobby Drake as a great gay superhero.


The Massive: Ninth Wave #1

Brian Wood and Garry Brown
6.3/10 · October 19, 2022

This is apparently the first issue of a prequel series to a bigger post-apocalyptic saga, none of which seems to be available online through any legit channel. I would have been interested in reading more, but I’m not going to order big books of such an unknown quantity. In any case, while I liked the art and the storytelling in this issue, I have a problem with how I’m supposed to root for the characters who poison the water supply in a major city. Like, yeah, they stick it to the man I guess, but what about the babies whose formula has to use that water?


Master of Kung Fu – Battleworld

Haden Blackman and Dalibor Talajić
8.4/10 · October 19, 2022

This was one of the many “Battleworld” series that Marvel spun up briefly as part of the big Secret Wars event in 2015. I’m on record as not caring about alternate universes, but this one had Wolfsbane in it, so of course I’m gonna buy it. Overall, the book does a creditable job of mashing together Shang-Chi and X-Men, and I did really dig Rahne’s alternate Asian self, bit player though she was. Enjoyable and, like most alternate universe stories, forgettable.


Miles Morales: Spider-Man #29

Saladin Ahmed and Chris Allen
8.8/10 · October 19, 2022

I keep hitting overlaps with Miles, but that’s fine, because this is good stuff. I had this issue on my shelf for whatever reason, so I reread it. What jumped out at me this time was the subplot about the essay Miles has to write for his scholarship application. Having it center on how he still continues to put in the work and take care of business despite all the insanity of his life feels like a great surrogate for the BIPOC experience writ large — accepting great responsibility in order to maintain any power at all.


Minor Threats #1

Patton Oswalt, Jordan Blum, and Scott Hepburn
7.3/10 · October 19, 2022

Maybe it’s just me, but after watching several seasons of The Boys and having read many deconstructions of superhero mythology (including the one I’m spending years on end writing about), this debut issue felt like it was traveling very well-trodden ground and not finding any new frontiers in it. Very good art, and some fun ideas, but overall kinda uninspired.


Miracleman #1-3

Alan Moore, Garry Leach, Mick Anglo, et al
7.9/10 · October 21, 2022

These were the Marvel reprints, which I bought a few of when they came out. Again it’s an overlap with reading I did earlier this year, but these had quite a bit of back matter, including several original Anglo stories per issue. Being very familiar by now with the Moore stuff, more of my focus went to these 1950s stories, and I ended up enjoying them more than I’d expect. I’ve already rated the Moore work on its own, so I’ll rate these here. They are silly, of course, but their silliness really helps to enrich Moore’s vision. In a way I suppose it’s a similar pleasure to what I get from Watchmen background reading.


Free Comic Book Day – Molly Danger & PrinceLess

Jamal Ingle (Molly Danger), Jeremy Whitley + Emily C. Martin (PrinceLess)
6.3/10 · October 21, 2022

Both these features are well drawn and competently told, but they feel like generic girl-power tropes to me. Like, a superhero but she’s a tween kid! And her name is Molly! But not Molly from the Runaways, this is a whole OTHER Molly, who is very similar but less specific. Or like, a medieval fairy-tale thing but the damsels kick butt instead of being in distress! They don’t need princes! They’re… PrinceLess! Neither one made me want to seek out more, so good thing it was free.


Ms. Marvel volume 1 (Issues #1-19)

G. Willow Wilson, Adrian Alphona, et al
9.7/10 · October 23, 2022

This was a reread, going through my paper issues that had been sitting on a shelf, and it was just as delightful as ever. Kamala is a fantastic character, and I love the way these stories are told — a charming mixture of humor, heart, wonder, and growth. Wilson leans into Pakistani and Muslim specificity, which works great for me as an outsider and (judging from the letters column) seems to work great for insiders as well. Alphona brings a little bit of a MAD Magazine quality to his art, which makes the pictures both fun to look at and undercuts the superhero angst of it all. But the core of these stories is Kamala and her relationships, much more than superpowers and punching. The support and the stress she gets from family, friends, super-friends, and a bad boyfriend let us see the grounded, caring kid she is, even as she’s learning to navigate it all. Very satisfying.


Ms. Marvel volume 2 (Issues #1-38)

G. Willow Wilson, Nico Leon, et al
9.5/10 · November 2, 2022

These 38 issues conclude Wilson’s run on the book, and it’s a great read. Several things stand out as impressive. First, Wilson’s ability to make participation in crossovers result in deeply significant story developments — Kamala’s part in Civil War II causes a rift with Bruno that she spends the next two years trying to heal. Speaking of which, the second impressive thing is the very well-realized supporting cast, who sometimes completely take center stage, such as at the beginning of the Teenage Wasteland storyline, and Bruno’s solo Wakanda issue. Finally, and most impressively, it’s the community that gathered around this hero, who felt seen and validated by her as girls, as kids, as brown people, as Muslims, as Pakistanis, and as brown kid Pakistani Muslim girls. That, more than anything else, made this book feel like it matters.


Mud Man

Paul Grist
8.4/10 · November 5, 2022

I picked #1 off the racks as an experiment, and enjoyed it enough that I sought out the (digital) collection of the first five issues. Unfortunately, it only lasted 8. It’s a nice start though — a classically told superhero story, with deepening intrigue and a likeable protagonist, with a pretty creative power set. I wasn’t familiar with Grist, but reading up on him it’s clear he has a fan base. Though not a big enough one to keep this book alive I guess. I thought the art was pretty enjoyable — a good 1960s Marvel vibe. I would have been happy to read more of this, but oh well.


Multiple Man (2018)

Matt Rosenberg and Andy MacDonald
8.9/10 · November 7, 2022

Jamie Madrox is such a ridiculous concept that he turns out to be unexpectedly rich in metaphor. Peter David did an A+ job exploring this in the various incarnations of X-Factor and Madrox, but Rosenberg’s take is okay too. It’s got some amount of alternate universe nonsense, but I appreciate the notion that somebody could have in them both a megalomaniac and a subverter — palace intrigue all inside the skull, except everything in Jamie’s skull gets externally manifested. Also, it did get across some of the horror of just endless copies of someone. Plus Wolfsbane is in it, so that wins some automatic points from the judges.


Peter David Grey Hulk era

Peter David et al
9.0/10 · December 2, 2023

Per recommendation from Reddit: Hulk 314-377, plus some crossovers and a Joe Fixit epilogue in Hulk 395 + 396. This was inspired by wanting to dig into the history on Joe Fixit, and taking the recommendation to read broadly for context on either side, since I enjoy Peter David’s writing so much. The Hulk was very status quo for quite a long time, and this story arc really shook a lot of things up, returning to the earliest roots of day/night transformations, gray skin, and the Rick & Rosses supporting cast. It starts with John Byrne, moves into Al Milgrom, and then gets wild once Peter David shows up. We get some early work from big 90s-era artists like Larsen and McFarlane, and explore the possibilities of finding more parts in Banner, and more incarnations to go with them. I don’t know that he’ll ever be my favorite character, but these comics were certainly worth reading, and brought a psychological depth to the stories that they’d been crying out for.


Magic Words: The Extraordinary Life of Alan Moore

Lance Parkin
9.5/10 · December 4, 2023

A biographer of Moore has a bit of a tightrope to walk, since one would want to remain on his good side, but that’s not always so easy to do. Lance Parkin does quite a respectable job of treating his subject lovingly but fairly, including the more controversial bits, and he does so by rooting his analysis in Moore’s Northampton roots, over and over again. As a result, this book pairs quite well with Jerusalem — just revisiting a page of it after reading ~600 pages of the novel lit up lots of connections between Moore’s life as he’s described it and this enormous magnum opus I’m traversing. Excellent research material, and a pleasure to read as well.


The Multiversity: The Deluxe Edition

Grant Morrison et al
7.8/10 · December 12, 2023

So this is Grant Morrison being insistently, relentlessly, sometimes tiresomely and sometimes awesomely bonkers. Just bonkers at an earsplitting volume. Tons of meta, tons of “wha…?”, tons of parody and commentary, some of it clever, some of it stupid, some of it so on-the-nose that it smashes the nose right into the face. I picked it up because it has a Watchmen-esque chapter which is basically all of the above, in a mean-spirited way more often than I wanted it to be. Partly it didn’t connect with me because I lack the deep roots in DC continuity, but partly it didn’t connect with me because it’s a little too navel-gazing to really connect with a reader. Parts of it were really fun, and that made the other parts worth wading through.


New Avengers #1-14 + Infinity event

Jonathan Hickman, et al
5.6/10 · December 28, 2023

I’m not sure I read the original Illuminati story arc(s), but my understanding is that it’s about hubris. A bunch of guys who think they’re the smartest ones in the world decide that they should start making decisions unilaterally — like shooting the Hulk into space — and they end up paying dearly for that. Hickman’s premise, I guess, is that these guys have learned nothing from that experience, nor from Civil War, so what we get is yet another retread of arrogant “geniuses” behaving like a conspiracy that thinks it’s a meritocracy, in the face of a seemingly world-ending threat, like this is the first time that’s ever happened. Did I mention these are alleged superheroes we’re talking about? I covered some of this ground earlier in a read of Hickman Avengers v4, and my opinion hasn’t changed. Everybody’s acting way out of character, and the whole thing seems quite overrated to me.

An assortment of covers from some of the works reviewed in this post.

What I Read in 2022, part 2

By mid-2022, my formerly gigantic stack of Marvel Previews books was dwindling, and I was approaching, if not the present, the not-too-distant past. For years, whatever page I would select would reliably turn up a series that had ended, because these days, comic book series reliably end. But now I was getting a hold of series that were still ongoing, which led to some oddly truncated reading experiences — I tried to evaluate them for what they were and what they could give at the time.

Meanwhile, my project reading had hit a very difficult mogul: reading 400 pages reproducing William Blake’s original plates. Songs of Innocence and Experience aside, this stuff is challenging reading in any form, so it took months, even when I devoted lots of time to it. Of course, some of that time was sitting around hospital waiting rooms before and after my dad’s brain surgery, where a stroke paralyzed him and left him bedridden for the rest of his life. I was particularly grateful for the fun reading. That includes Alan Moore’s Miracleman series, which I decided I needed as background.

There are spoilers ahoy — not that I seek them out, but neither do I avoid them.


Hawkeye: Kate Bishop (2021) #1-3

Marieke Nijkamp and Enid Balam
8.7/10 · May 12, 2022

Now this is more like it. Reminiscent of (but not really equal to) the Hawkeye book, with fun mysteries, wonderful character development, clever storytelling devices, and snappy dialogue. Also trick arrows, yeah. Unlike the Star Wars and Hulk series, this totally left me wanting more. Well, except for the art, which was pretty hideous.


Black Panther (2021) #1-3

John Ridley and Juann Cabal
8.7/10 · May 14, 2022

Once again, I’ve tapped into a title that has only just started on MU, thanks to my Previews issues finally catching up with present day. This seems like an interesting enough restart for Black Panther — I’m sure it’s quite a challenge to follow Ta-Nehisi Coates’ run on the book. The plotline plausibly grows from what’s come before, and I’d be happy to keep reading… if there were more to read.


Ka-Zar: Lord of the Savage Land (2021) #1-5

Zac Thompson and Germán García
8.9/10 · May 14, 2022

So the #1 job of this series was to resurrect Ka-Zar after he was killed in the Empyre event. This was done by having the spirit of the Savage Land bring him back as its protector, just as had previously happened with Shanna. A lovely side effect of this was to separate him from his colonialist origins by making him truly one with the land. Now he can transform into aspects of the Savage Land by experiencing deep empathy with them — the very “going native” that colonialists dreaded. Ka-Zar was never my favorite character, but this was a good move forward for him and a well-crafted story overall.


Tech-On Avengers #1-6

Jim Zub and Jeffrey “Chamba” Cruz
5.9/10 · May 20, 2022

So, this is apparently a mash-up of superhero comics and some manga/anime subgenre called sentai, in which various people use cool tech to get superpowers, a la Power Rangers. So in this book the Red Skull uses some cosmic macguffin to depower every superhero, and then Tony Stark builds them all super suits to be all mech-y. It is clearly aimed at a) young readers, and b) fans of sentai. I am neither, and didn’t find a whole lot for me in this book, so for me it was a miss. Not an aggravating experience like a Cates book, but a miss nevertheless.


Legends: Black Panther (2021) #1-3

Tochi Onyebuchi et al
8.0/10 · May 20, 2022

The purpose here is to retell BP’s origin in a long enough format that it can make a slim trade. Fair enough — it’s written well, with some nice African awareness. The art is more variable, some being a bit rushed and sketchy for my taste. Kind of an average enjoyable read — nothing special but pleasant enough.


Miles Morales: Spider-Man #24-34

Saladin Ahmed et al
8.8/10 · May 21, 2022

I’ve now reached the point with this project where the Previews I’m looking at are posting issues that aren’t on MU yet. Wow! In this case, the issue at hand is MM:SM #36, whereas MU is only up to #34. My decision in this case is to read the relevant run up to that point, but complicating matters is the fact that I’ve actually already read this run up to #25 in my 100 issues of MM read. So in this case I started at the beginning of the relevant arc, then read up to MU current. This is still a quality run, and and this read happened to encompass a fun 10th anniversary issue which included fun stories from Lord & Miller + Cody Ziglar. Good times!


The Death of Doctor Strange

Jed MacKay, Lee Garbett, and Antonio Fabela
9.2/10 · May 21, 2022

This is one of those “vintage character in modern continuity” riffs, like the time-traveling young X-Men. But where that storyline contrasted modern mutant darkness with its more lighthearted beginnings, this time it’s Strange who has lightened up over time. His severe Ditko 60s “Master of Black Magic” self gets projected into the future to hang out with a kind-hearted ghost dog, workaday Avengers, and estranged Clea. It’s done in a fun way, with a murder mystery motif and a status change to make Clea Sorcerer Supreme. (As it happens, my random method dialed up Strange #2, a series which hasn’t started yet on MU, so I dialed back to this one, which MacKay used to set up the current series.) Enjoyable!


Miracleman Book 1: A Dream of Flying

Alan Moore, Garry Leach, and Alan Davis
9.7/10 · May 22, 2022

I’m taking another run at reading Miracleman — all of it this time — so I reread this first book. This time I couldn’t help but have an eye towards the “The Tyger”, since I’m at a Blake point in my Watchmen project. As it happens, there’s a prominent and repeated tiger metaphor — in Kid Miracleman’s predatory eyes. Something to be done with that, perhaps…


Miracleman Book 2: The Red King’s Gambit

Alan Moore, Alan Davis, Chuck Austen, et al.
9.7/10 · May 22, 2022

Moore continues his relentless and rather grim redemption of the ludicrous here, working out the implications of juxtaposing Shazam tropes with a contemporary 80s milieu in a pretty merciless way. Where the first volume centered on Kid Miracleman, this one centers on Miracleman’s Kid, or rather how it emerges as the lodestone for the plan that created MM in the first place. I loved the dream-fighting scenes, predictably, and the climactic scene of a superhero lifting his human enemy into space and dropping him is… something you wouldn’t see in a Silver Age book, that’s for sure. Moore invented this entire register, and it holds up damn well. There’s also some very fun supplemental material — I particularly enjoyed the framing sequence with cat yronwode breaking the 4th wall and admitting upfront the disastrous reason why the book was suddenly breaking into reprints.


Miracleman Book 3: Olympus

Alan Moore and John Totleben
9.7/10 · May 28, 2022

A foreshadowing of “Super-powers and the Superpowers” — this feels to me like a parable of international relations. On the one side there is the absolute horror of Kid Miracleman — essentially a Holocaust — and on the other side there are the Allies, led by Miracleman. Each one is trying to shape the world in its own image, and the Allies succeed, but at the cost of suppressing dissent, increasing distance from humanity, and endless grief over the bloodshed that they didn’t prevent. A beautiful ending to this excellent series.


Star Wars: Halcyon Legacy #1

Ethan Sacks and Will Sliney
8.1/10 · May 28, 2022

A fun swashbuckling debut issue that hews to the strengths of Star Wars — putting 19th and early 20th century adventure tropes into a space/sci-fi context. Nothing especially new, but enjoyable enough.


Iron Fist: Heart of the Dragon

Larry Hama and Dave Wachter
9.0/10 · May 30, 2022

Sometimes legacy creators coming back to characters with whom they’re closely associated can feel tired or byzantine, but I really enjoyed this Hama miniseries. It clearly pulls in a bunch of stuff from recent Iron Fist lore that I haven’t read — I never did catch up with any of that Brubaker/Fraction/Aja stuff. There’s a little girl, a little old dude, various Iron Fists from other… times? realities? Whatever. The tone was a lovely mix of sacred and silly, the action was exciting, the villain was credible, and seeing Okoye all Iron-Fisted was cool from both a visual and a story standpoint. And it ends with Danny getting depowered! This has apparently made way for a new Iron Fist who is actually Chinese. Cool developments!


X-Men Legends #1-11

Marvel
8.7/10 · May 30, 2022

There are a lot of ups and downs in the X-Men franchise, so when the point of a series is to bring back old creators and tell stories set sometime in previous continuity, the results are obviously going to be all over the place. Louise Simonson and Fabian Nicieza? Still not my favorites. Larry Hama on Wolverine is a pretty good time though. But what gets me in the door is Peter David on my favorite era of X-Factor. More Wolfsbane stories? YES PLEASE.


Marvel Rising (2018 4-part series)

Ryan North, G. Willow Wilson, Devin Grayson, Irene Strychalski, and Ramon Bachs
8.3/10 · June 5, 2022

So, obviously the best thing about this is another issue of Ryan North Squirrel Girl. Second best thing is another issue of G. Willow Wilson Ms. Marvel. Which must mean that Devin Grayson is the worst thing about it. While North and Wilson are solid as always, the piece overall has a real “adults writing for kids” vibe. “Let’s do one about those video games the kids love so much! Like the Donkey Kong! I used to love the Donkey Kong!” Our villain can make video games come to life, except the twist is that she’s really a good kid who got misled by an online friend. “Watch out for those randos online, kids! They could turn out to be supervillains!”


Share Your Universe sampler

Eugene Son, Nuno Plati, Christos Gage, Chris Jones, Fred Van Lente, and James Cordeiro
7.0/10 · June 5, 2022

This is clearly aimed at younger readers — everybody’s a kid or a wholesome adult. I certainly prefer it to things like Hickman’s Avengers where everyone is awful, but I’m pretty clearly not the target audience either. It was fine for what it was.


Marvel Tales: Annihilation

Mark Gruenwald, Ralph Macchio, John Byrne, Steve Gerber, Don Heck, Danny Fingeroth, and Mike Manley
7.6/10 · June 5, 2022

Collecting Marvel Two-In-One #53, Daredevil #105, and Darkhawk #6. This was a tie-in to the Annihilation Scourge event, which I read in June 2021 and concluded was pretty weak sauce. This compilation issue has as little reason for existing as the event did, and even the issues it compiles are a strange lot. You can’t really go wrong with Gruenwald/Macchio/Byrne MTIO, but Gerber’s Daredevil is odd even for Gerber. Of all the titles to go cosmic with… Daredevil? Then there’s Darkhawk, who frankly I never had the time of day for and still don’t.


Marvel Team-Up (2019)

Eve L. Ewing, Joey Vazquez, Moy R., Clint McElroy, and Ig Guara
7.2/10 · June 6, 2022

I was so excited to see a new Marvel Team-Up series announced, and signed up for it right away at the comic book store. The result was a disappointment though. The reason I loved the original MTU was that it was like a monthly Spider-Man book with a guaranteed monthly random surprise hero. I loved being able to visit all those different corners of the Marvel Universe without having to buy a boatload of books. This, though, was pretty much a 3-issue arc of Spider-Man + Ms. Marvel, then a 3-issue arc of Ms. Marvel and Captain Marvel. Surprises, not so much. Also, this is another one that feels like it’s writing down to its audience. I’m partial to the era where comic book writers were trying to elevate the form rather than water it down.


The Complete Illuminated Books

William Blake
5.7/10 · June 19, 2022

I love the idea of this book. And some things about the reality are amazing. The plates are absolutely the right way to read Blake, though far from the easiest. His words and images are intended to be taken together, and extricating one from the other does violence to both. And some of the reproductions are absolutely breathtaking. That said, there are some real downsides to this tome. First of all, it is gigantic and heavy, which — fair enough — is a result of like 400 quality reproductions bound together, but some of the reproductions are tiny!

Songs of Innocence and Experience in particular is deeply disappointing — postage-stamp reprints that require a magnifying glass to read. I guess they’re accurate to-scale reproductions, but why on earth would we favor that over readability? Beyond that, there’s the fact that a lot of this is just difficult material no matter how it’s presented. Much of Blake’s prophetic stuff has a bonkers Unabomber vibe, at least to me. Looking forward to William Blake Vs. The World illuminating it for me.


Marvel 2-In-One + Annual #1

Chip Zdarsky et al
8.9/10 · June 20, 2022

Like the Marvel Team-Up reboot, this series strayed from the premise of the original by only pairing the Thing with FF members, and making the first 10 of those the Torch. Also, a whole bunch of it was multiverse stuff with all the standard ingredients of switching alignments, dystopia, etc. That said, there were a few things that elevated it. First, Zdarsky is a strong writer, and I don’t think I’ve read anything of his I didn’t enjoy. He is one of the few I trust with “What If?” scenarios, especially based on his real-time Spider-Man series. Second, and related, is the fact that this series does lovely character work with Ben and Johnny, and even Doctor Doom. They are circling well-traced spirals, but it feels real and emotionally grounded. Finally, this is the series that brought the real FF back from limbo! How could I not love it at least a little, just for that?


Marvel Universe Avengers and Ultimate Spider-Man

Slott, Templeton, Yost, and Jones
8.4/10 · June 20, 2022

Promo comics advertising 10-year-old cartoons. Based on that premise, they’re better than they need to be, thanks to the good writers assigned to them. Still, a trifle.


The Marvels #1-10

Kurt Busiek and Yildiray Cinar
9.5/10 · June 25, 2022

Where Marvels was Busiek showing the Marvel Universe from a unique point-of-view, and implicating political issues in the process, this series foregrounds the politics and switches among many points of view to give us a healthy diversity of perspectives on the issues. All of it is enriched by Busiek’s beautiful saturation of MU lore — there are tons of delightful Easter eggs to be found by a reader like me, who has spent a long time immersed in that lore. This series is still ongoing, so I’m only reviewing the first 10 issues here, but so far I’m really digging the intertwined stories, time-jumping, varied viewpoints, and exploration of how our wars affect both our targets and ourselves.


An assortment of covers from some of the works reviewed in this post.

What I Read in 2022, part 1

The “random page outta Marvel Previews” Marvel Unlimited project continued apace as 2022 opened, taking me all over Marvel history and characters in a pretty enjoyable way (except when it told me to read Donny Cates.) During this period, I was researching a Watchmen Bestiary article on William Paley’s argument from design, so there was background reading for that dropped in there too.

Spoilers? Yes, probably. Mild ones, generally, but proceed at your own risk of spoilage.


The Watch On The Heath: Science and Religion Before Darwin

Keith Thomson
8.3/10 · January 6, 2022

This was an entertaining high-level survey of a moment in time, where what we would end up calling “science” was colliding with centuries of religious tradition, reaching a breaking point where one could really no longer accommodate the other. Along with good, clear summaries of both Darwin’s thinking and the countervailing ideas of the time, it touches lightly and enjoyably on the personalities and relationships of a whole bunch of players at this moment in history as they struggle to reconcile things like the fossil record with the literal reading of Genesis that had been accepted as divine truth for so long. Reading it was more work than pleasure for me, but for work, it was a lot of fun.


~100 issues of Mockingbird

Marvel
7.7/10 · January 18, 2022

This reading turned out to be very timely, as the MCU Hawkeye show ended up very strongly hinting that Laura Barton is “Agent 19”, which was Mockingbird’s agent number in the comics. Problem is, there’s already a Bobbi Morse in the MCU, though she was never called Agent 19. (Nor Mockingbird, not that Laura Barton was either.) This messy situation is actually pretty in keeping with the character — as CBR points out, Mockingbird’s earliest comic appearances were a mess too. She only settled into her superhero identity in Marvel Team-Up #95, after a bunch of weird Ka-Zar stuff and a false start as “Huntress.” Then very shortly she became Hawkeye’s wife, and ended up in the West Coast Avengers as his, well, adjunct I guess. She has a cool look, but her power set seems like it comes down to acrobatics and “battle staves” — a pretty thin gimmick. She gets some character development eventually when she kills a creeper without Hawkeye knowing, but overall these first 100 issues are fairly weak sauce.


~33 issues of Deathlok

Marvel
6.7/10 · January 24, 2022

Deathlok was always one of those characters who hovered on the edge of my consciousness and understanding, in a “what’s the deal with this guy?” kind of way. Turns out there have been many Deathloks, so I had good reason to be confused. I was surprised how few appearances the original had, so much so that he’s really not even considered the “main” Deathlok anymore. Well now I’ve read all those original appearances, and I kind of feel like there’s less than meets the eye. His first stories were kind of standard-issue 1970s futuristic dystopia — it’s the 1990s and cyborgs have taken over! — and kind of a mess narratively, with various twists introduced that either get dropped, truncated, or wrenched in another direction entirely.

Deathlok finally ends up getting shunted through the dimensions to land in Marvel 616, where he has a few appearances each decade. (In the actual 1990s he had long hair and a tattered trenchcoat, because the actual 1990s really were a dystopia, at least when it came to most Marvel comics.) Stories never really rose above the level of “just okay”, and always felt fairly incoherent. Plus, boy oh boy was it (apparently) hard to hand-draw computer lettering back in the 70s.


Captain America Epic Collection #10 – Of Monsters and Men (Marvel Unlimited equivalent)

J.M. DeMatteis, David Anthony Kraft, Mike Zeck
9/10 · February 3, 2022

DeMatteis and Zeck were a great combination on Captain America, with Zeck providing a classic (and ever-so-slightly cartoony) style, which DeMatteis deepened with strong character development and an exploration of philosophy and ideals. I particularly enjoyed how JMDM engaged with the less shopworn elements of Cap’s past, such as the various “substitute Caps” who emerged while Steve was in the ice. Also, though he doesn’t make a big deal of it, he strengthens the supporting cast with a gay best friend (Arnie Roth) while giving prominent roles to his Jewish girlfriend (Bernie Rosenthal) and Black ex-partner (Sam Wilson). A welcome and righteous commitment to diverse viewpoints, especially for the early 80s.


Venom Epic Collection #1 – Symbiosis (Marvel Unlimited equivalent)

David Michelinie, Todd McFarlane, Erik Larsen, et al
7.4/10 · February 14, 2022

Venom is very far from my favorite character, but this collection is about as enjoyable as a Venom book could get for me, because most of it portrays him as a villain rather than the verrry 90’s anti-hero he ended up becoming. In fact, much like I stumbled into the first Elektra issue as a kid, I also seem to own the first Spider-Man issue where he discovers that his new “costume” is a symbiote. This is a cool idea in itself, and even having it combine with someone who hates Spidey (though his reasoning doesn’t have to be QUITE so thin) is good. It’s just that from there, we end up tipping over into “gross and scary monster kills people and stuff but you should root for him! Because, um…”


The Blind Watchmaker

Richard Dawkins
9.1/10 · February 20, 2022

This book emerged in 1986, and was almost certainly the inspiration for Moore’s watchmaker references in Chapter 4 of Watchmen. It’s an excellent, patient, convincing explanation of evolution via natural selection, at least as it was understood in 1986. Like Paley before him, Dawkins makes great use of analogies to reinforce and explicate his point, except Dawkins’ analogies are a) meant to deny creationism rather than support it, and b) based in the technology of HIS day, often 80s-era computers, such as when he compares “fossil” genes to “deleted” data on a floppy disk. Still persuasive, and still a pleasure to read, 35 years later.


Thor Epic Collection #19 – The Thor War (Marvel Unlimited equivalent)

Tom DeFalco, Ron Frenz, Pat Oliffe, et al
8.9/10 · February 21, 2022

Thor was never one of my favorite characters, because he seemed so uber-powerful and above-it-all. I like the notion of comics as modern mythology, but Thor seems a little on the nose. Finding out that Don Blake was never really an actual person removed him even further from humanity. In this arc, DeFalco gives the Thor identity to a member of the supporting cast, Eric Masterson, and thereby makes the Thor book an inquiry into Impostor Syndrome. This was pretty intriguing to me, especially in light of the way that Thor starts having Spider-Man-esque problems of his secret identity screwing up his personal life. It’s also amusing to see all the various godly Asgardians get frustrated with Masterson’s ineptitude.


Spider-Man: Bloodline [Issues 1-5 of Spider-Man (2019)]

J. J. Abrams, Henry Abrams, Sara Pichelli
5.5/10 · February 21, 2022

Sooo… this is yet another iteration of an alternate universe where a bunch of the heroes we know die or somehow check out, and new heroes have to arise. This is a very shopworn concept by now, and this series doesn’t do anything inspiring with it. Peter Parker acts pretty out of character (I can believe he would abandon being Spidey, as he does periodically, but abandon his child? For 10 years? This is a guy fundamentally driven by responsibility, so no.), and aside from a few dead Avengers accounted for, the other bazillion heroes of the MU are MIA without explanation, as are the villains. It seems to me that with Spider-Man and the Avengers off the board, lots of moves would happen on both the villain and hero sides, and we hear about none of these. The Abramses introduce a good villain, and the story is reasonably well told for what it is, but nothing made me care, and nothing made much sense.


X-Men (2019) #17-21

Jonathan Hickman, et al
9.2/10 · February 22, 2022

So, I’m not at all caught up on all the “Whatever Of X” series that have changed the status quo of the X-Men in the MU, but here’s what I gather: They live on Krakoa (and have made friends with Krakoa.) Some kind of Krakoan magic allows them to resurrect mutants whenever one dies. Prof X and Magneto are in charge. Things are pretty good for mutants overall. Hickman leaves the extended soap-opera format behind in this iteration of the book, instead telling compact sci-fi/superhero tales with a rotating cast of characters, taking liberal advantage of the resurrect button. There’s a space opera, a timebending odyssey, a time/space heist, etc. It’s pretty fun! Hickman dials down the persecution and gives the X-Men a great swagger, a pleasant change of pace for the book. I only read a few issues, and they were part of a GIGANAMOUS arc that I don’t really understand, but I enjoyed them.


Avengers by Jonathan Hickman vol 4 (Marvel Unlimited equivalent)

Jonathan Hickman, et al
5.9/10 · February 28, 2022

Avengers (2012) #24-34 and New Avengers (2013) #13-23. It was interesting to read this right on the heels of some of Hickman’s X-Men work. Where the X-Men stuff was bright and wild, these Avengers stories were grim, sad, and ugly. Dr. Strange selling his soul, Iron Man creating a planet-killing device, Black Panther being super-nationalist, Mr. Fantastic being the shitty caricature that anti-FF people think he is. It’s a retread of the Illuminati idea, which was good the first time but of course is not going to go well if we treat the characters like they’ve learned nothing.

On the one hand, Hickman is again taking the premise and writing pretty much straight sci-fi out of it, but in jarring the premise out of its accustomed track, everybody felt wildly out of character — bad where they should be good, dumb where they should be smart, petty where they should be generous. I know Hickman has a ton of cred, and maybe I’m missing something awesome about this work, but I read 22 issues’ worth and did not feel enriched by it.


Avengers Academy #21-39

Christos Gage, et al
9/10 · March 5, 2022

So this feels about as close as we get to a New Mutants book on the Avengers side of Marvel, and I really enjoyed it. Gage does a lovely job of mixing mayhem with genuinely moving emotional beats, such as Juston’s relationship with his Sentinel, Lightspeed comforting Striker over his childhood trauma, and Hazmat/Mettle’s sexual & romantic frustration. Also, Gage really engages his community via the letters page, and facilitates some civil and interesting debates on what’s fair game in a comic, and what are the most effective ways to portray difficult topics.


Incredible Hercules #121-137

Greg Pak, Fred Van Lente, et al
9.1/10 · March 13, 2022

This series was great fun, and seriously engaged with Greek mythology, beautifully blending Herc’s classical exploits with his adventures in the Marvel Universe. This is a guy who can very easily become a caricature, but the writing grounds him well. It feels a little less justified in its title when it focuses on Amadeus Cho for entire issues, but the explicit shout-outs to Joseph Campbell help. I wasn’t along for the ride with Cho, so this is my first time reading much of him in his pre-Hulk form, and to be honest I tended to miss Herc when he wasn’t around. However, by far the BEST thing about this series is that it uses sound effects better than any comic I’ve seen. When hunky Thor (dressed as Herc) strikes the ground, the sound is WHATAMANNNN! When Herc punches Thor unexpectedly, the sound is sukkaPUNCH! And so on. At one point, Herc crashes into something with the sound effect “BOSCH!”, at which point I realized, yep, he’s fighting inside a Bosch painting.


Silk (2021) #1-5

Maurene Goo & Takeshi Miazawa
8.3/10 · March 17, 2022

This is straight-ahead superhero storytelling, albeit with a bit of extra millennial snark & tech. Pretty much the same mold as Peter Parker & Clark Kent — intrepid reporter investigates stuff then punches it later in superhero clothes. The character doesn’t really fascinate me, though the representation is nice. The art was pretty sketchy (er, sketch-like) overall, though there were some cool choices, e.g the penthouse elevator button bloodied by the cat demon’s finger. Pretty much a pleasant, lightweight, un-memorable read.


Natural Theology

William Paley
5.3/10 · April 4, 2022

I mean, obviously I disagree with the premise, and from this historical vantage point (especially after reading The Blind Watchmaker), it’s easy to see where Paley’s reasoning goes off the rails. But it is a pretty charming book at times. As I said in my Watchmen essay, his reaction to the natural world and mine to Watchmen are the same: an intense aesthetic rapture, followed by the desire to inventory and analyze. When he gets into arguing for the goodness of God, he’s on shakier ground, especially when he grounds that goodness in how good the privileged have it. Certainly more work than fun to read, but not as tedious as it could have been, and still thought provoking after all these years, even if most of the thoughts are about how wrong it is.


Morbius Epic Collection #2: The End of a Living Vampire (Marvel Unlimited equivalent)

Marvel
7.7/10 · April 9, 2022

(Marvel Unlimited equivalent: Fear #27-31, Marvel Premiere #28, Marvel Two-In-One #15, Spectacular Spider-Man #6-8 and #38, Savage She-Hulk #9-12, Vampire Tales #9-11 and annual #1, Marvel Preview #8) Morbius feels to me like a byproduct of the 1970s loosening of the comic code, so that monsters were allowed back in comics again. Suddenly there was this big artificial spurt of vampires, werewolves, zombies, etc. Morbius, not being undead, felt safe enough to appear in a Spider-Man book aimed (at least in part) at kids. They tried him out in formats ranging from adult black-and-white to shiny She-Hulk and Spider-Man, but he’s kind of a limited character, so in the end he was “cured” and abandoned. At least for a while. Anyway, vampire creepshow (or antihero) isn’t really my thing, so this was Mor than enough Morbius for me.


The Amazing Spider-Man Omnibus Vol. 5 (Marvel Unlimited equivalent)

Gerry Conway, Len Wein, Ross Andru, and Gil Kane et al
9.3/10 · April 21, 2022

[Marvel Unlimited equivalent: Amazing Spider-Man (1963) #143-180, annual #10-11, and Nova (1976) #12] So, this starts out with the seeds of the damned clone saga, which was dopey the first time around. That’s its downside. Its upside is a mountain-sized helping of rollicking adventure, with lots of delightful Bronze Age high-flying heroics and humor. This was a time when the original Lee/Ditko issues were a living trunk from which new story possibilities kept branching, creating a dramatic unity that still feels satisfying. Even the clone stuff gets its emotional weight from the fact that Gwen is DEAD for real. I loved touches like Spidey forced to team up with Doc Ock, or having to weigh whether he objected to the villain, the Punisher, or JJJ the most. Good supporting cast stuff too, like Harry and Liz getting together, Aunt May becoming a Grey Panther activist, and MJ sorting out her place in Peter’s life.


Daredevil (2019) #31-36

Chip Zdarsky et al.
8.9/10 · April 23, 2022

I’ve skipped over a lot of Daredevil continuity to read these contemporary issues, and a lot of it feels pretty familiar. The same characters doing the same dances — Matthew, Elektra, Kingpin, Bullseye. Daredevil’s identity teetering on revelation again, Daredevil in prison again, somebody else taking the DD identity in Hell’s kitchen again. But I do enjoy Zdarsky. He’s a skilled and compelling writer, so watching the dances and variations is still a pleasure, and I still believe in the emotional reality of the characters.


Dr. Strange Epic Collection #9 – The Vampiric Verses (Marvel Unlimited equivalent)

Roy & Dann Thomas et al.
8.4/10 · May 7, 2022

[Marvel Unlimited equivalent: Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme #14-33 and Ghost Rider (1990) #12]. By Roy & Dann Thomas et al. We’re edging into the 90s here with the Doc, and the art is starting to get embarrassing. Lots of cheesecakey shots of women, a whole harem of whom seem to be fawning and fighting over Strange. Counterbalancing this, though, is Roy Thomas, as old-school as it’s possible for a Marvel writer to be, constantly calling back to Silver Age and even Golden Age characters and tropes. The result is writing that sustains pleasure even when the art provokes winces. There are also very fun lore-heavy extras at the end of many issues, detailing stuff about the Darkhold, or vampires, or voodoo, or werewolves, or what-have-you. These are Thomas at his nerd-scholarly best, almost like OHOTMU articles written in Dr. Strange’s voice.


Fantastic Four (2018) #35-39

Dan Slott et al.
9.5/10 · May 7, 2022

I’m so relieved to have my beloved FF in Slott’s hands. I’ve got this whole run collected to read in physical form, but it was fun to get a little preview of it here, starting with an anniversary issue that very cleverly uses Kang to revisit various points in FF history. It’s the ongoing story that grabs me even more, though. In some places, Slott is rearranging familiar tropes — e.g. making Johnny an uncontrollable monster instead of Ben — but in other places he’s doing more interesting work. I love the idea of Franklin in therapy for all the fricking trauma he’s endured as a kid, and that his teen self is drowning trying to live up to the various versions of him we’ve seen over the years. What a brilliant take. Oh, and hats off to using Trauma as the therapist. Great Marvel deep cut. Also, Reed saying, “Our love for you is a universal constant.” That’s MY Reed Richards.


Way of X #1-5

Si Spurrier and Bob Quinn
9/10 · May 10, 2022

So it seems clear that, at least in part, the whole Krakoa storyline for the X-Men is meant to actualize the marketplace fact that none of them can really die. By bringing that fact into the light in the fictional universe, the writers get to explore some pretty fascinating metaphysics, and Nightcrawler is the perfect character to take point on that. (Well, Wolfsbane would be the perfect character, but again marketplace realities rule.) I really enjoyed this series as our way of working through the psychological effects of removing death, of how those social changes would affect Kurt, and of how something sinister is able to creep up through the edges. The idea that Xavier and Magneto are in charge of this utopia and that where they are, so must also be Onslaught, begins to nibble at redemption for some of the worst 90s crimes.


Star Wars: The High Republic – Trail of Shadows #1-4

Daniel Jose Older and Dave Wachter
7.8/10 · May 12, 2022

I’ve been pursuing this “Marvel Previews Unlimited” project for almost three years now, and I’m finally getting to the point where I’m actually catching up with current comics. This limited series came up on the wheel, but I can’t finish it because its final issue isn’t on MU yet. In this particular case, that’s not a horrible loss, because although this series is enjoyable enough, I’m not enough of a gung ho Star Wars fan to be super curious about it. One thing I do like about the Star Wars comics, though, is that they can tell different kinds of stories in that universe, vs. the very repetitive movies. The storytelling here was pretty disjointed, but there were some nice character moments, in particular the plucky little Chadra-Fan who stands up to evil.


Hulk (2021) #1-3

Donny Cates and Ryan Ottley
3.4/10 · May 12, 2022

Fuckin’ Donny Cates, man. The guy clearly has an audience, but I very clearly am not in it. So much stupid gore, so much stupid testosterone, so much stupid extremism. So much macho bullshit that maybe some 14-year-old boy (or one at heart) would super dig. So much fucking nonsense. Very glad there were only 3 issues of this on MU.


An assortment of covers from some of the works reviewed in this post.

What I Read in 2021, part 2

Along with the ongoing batches of randomly-selected Marvel Unlimited issues, the latter half of 2021 found me doing background reading for two different Watchmen Bestiary articles: the one on Dante and the one on Dalí. In the Marvel realm, I finally figured out that the way to read 100 issues of a character was to use the invaluable Complete Marvel Reading Order site rather than ComicVine or some other substitute. This not only gave me a more coherent reading experience, it tended to focus on older issues, which helped balance out the novelty bias of my random selection method, as Previews always devotes way more pages to new things than old things.

As always, there may be spoilers in here.


Dante

John Took
3.7/10 · May 10, 2021

This was a real slog. Took’s writing style involves interminable sentences with clause after clause strung together by lots of commas and occasionally other punctuation, and peppered with foreign and hyper-academic words. Example picked from a random page (304): “And specularity is indeed the order of the day here, for while on the face of it, and right up to the moment of its evaporating somewhat after the manner of the morning mist, Dante’s, in the remaining part of the text, looks to be simply an exercise in prescription, in a laying down of the rules for composition, what in truth we have here — and on analogy with the notion of speculative grammar — is something close to a speculative poetic, a hymn to the canzone stanza as but a mirror held up to self in the now perfect resolution of self.” Plus page-long (or longer) excerpts from Italian and Latin texts translated in tiny print down at the bottom of the page. O M G. There were 545 pages of that. Pretty painful and slow overall.

There were diamonds to be mined, but it took a lot of hammering. Took’s argument (when it occasionally appears) centers around reading Dante as an allegory/metaphor about the evolution of self, in particular the three parts of the Comedy as self-confrontation (Inferno), self-reconfiguration (Purgatorio), and self-transcendence (Paradiso). This is useful, as are the biographical insights. But boy is it a lot of work to get to the useful parts.


Spider-Ham (2019)

Zeb Wells and Will Robson
8.4/10 · May 11, 2021

This is some rollicking fun, with lots of kooky meta stuff, almost verging on a Not Brand Ecch vibe in places. I dig all the wacky animal equivalents of Marvel characters — Moose-ter Fantastic, Sandmanatee, the Bee-Yonder, etc. I also like how Spider-Man gets unwillingly dragged through the whole thing and spends the entire series trying to figure out how to make it stop. Certainly not anything I’d want to read on a regular basis — 5 issues was a little more than enough — but a pretty enjoyable romp.


Web of Venom: The Good Son (2020)

Zac Thompson and Dio Neves
2.6/10 · May 11, 2021

Oh boy, an evil child corrupting an innocent child. And the parents + caretakers have NO idea! What a great trope, totally not bored and repulsed by this at all.


Star Wars: Age of Republic (2019)

Jody Houser, Cory Smith, and Luke Ross
8.0/10 · May 23, 2021

This was a series of 9 one-shots — 4 focused on heroes, 4 focused on villains, and one with a bunch of micro-stories — set during the prequel era. Obviously this is not my favorite Star Wars era, but this series did a creditable job of putting the characters in good stories that bring out their core themes and provide some fun along the way.


Annihilation Omnibus

Marvel
9.5/10 · June 5, 2021

Or the Marvel Unlimited equivalent anyway. Drax the Destroyer #1–4, Annihilation: Prologue, Annihilation: Nova #1–4, Annihilation: Silver Surfer #1–4, Annihilation: Super-Skrull #1–4, Annihilation: Ronan #1–4, Annihilation #1–6, Annihilation: Heralds of Galactus #1–2. Missing Annihilation: Nova Corps Files.

This is a comics event I’ve heard about for years, but never really read until now. Cosmic Marvel has never really been my favorite flavor, so I wasn’t super-motivated to seek it out. Now that I’ve read it though, I’m glad I did. It’s easy to see why the storyline jump-started the cosmic characters again — a big part of it comes down to structure. The Drax book revives the character in an Earthbound setting, with a smart-alecky human counterpart, making him more grounded and moving him beyond his Starlin-y origins. Then they introduce the wave, then pull back and deeply characterize four different protagonists, a melange of heroes and anti-heroes, with varying motivations, before bringing them all together against the common enemy.

That enemy, Annihilus, is WAY more of a threat than he’s ever been before, and for once it’s not about his cosmic control rod. His characterization is great too, especially in his interactions with Thanos. The weird mix that goes into fighting him breaks the “heroes vs. bad guys” mold in some pretty interesting ways, as they come together then splinter apart again with all of us understanding each other a little better. A satisfying experience that lives up to the hype!


Annihilation Scourge

Marvel
7.4/10 · June 5, 2021

Well, this was a disappointing follow-up. This was partly because it continues some stories I never connected with — the “Cancerverse” (never read it) and the Sentry. But also it was much less ambitious, by like a factor of five. Consequently, there wasn’t much interesting character development, and some of the character interactions we did have weren’t credible, such as the nihilist Annihilus, who sought the destruction of all life in Annihilation, now suddenly caring enough about the Negative Zone’s life forms to seek out help from Nova of all people, and turn himself into kind of a comic relief figure by doing so. A real degradation of what was built in Annihilation. Also, rather than picking up under-used characters and making something interesting out of them, this shoehorns in characters in the middle of other story arcs, and thus has to deal with stuff like the Silver Surfer’s intangibility. It was okay, but forgettable and not really deserving of the Annihilation imprint.


Star (2020)

Kelly Thompson, Javier Pina, and Filipe Andrade
8.7/10 · June 7, 2021

Thompson’s writing is a pleasure as always — she’s great at mixing humor with emotional themes. In this case, the emotions are confusion, compassion, and fear. I didn’t read the Captain Marvel arc that initiated this character, but I get the gist — emotionally stunted person carrying around childhood trauma suddenly gets to control her own reality. The Scarlet Witch is the perfect character to bring in here, and I love how Wanda sees herself in Star. Captain Marvel, on the other hand, is acting like a cop, understandably. This was a really interesting dynamic, though the series is too short to do much with it. Maybe we’ll see more?


The Empyre crossover

Marvel
8.7/10 · June 18, 2021

For somebody like me with a lot of Marvel reading history, this was pretty enjoyable. I thought the Road to Empyre book did a great job of setting up the history, and I really appreciated the connection to the Byrne story of the Kree & Skrull fighting for eons on the moon. (Though apparently that connection was more fleshed out in the previous event.) Also, the notion that the “Celestial Messiah” was JUST for plants made for a nice twist. Nothing mind-blowing, but good solid comic book fun.


Danteworlds

Guy P. Raffa
7.1/10 · June 22, 2021

I probably didn’t give this the treatment that would have extracted the most value from it. I used it as a guide for reading the Inferno in chunks, and then read all the summaries, etc., at once rather than going back and forth between the poem and the reference. Then I did the same thing with the notes in the Mandelbaum translation. So I wasn’t quite as directly engaged between the lines and the apparatus as it might wish. Still, it provided useful descriptions and explanations for various references. The “study questions” felt a little more dubious, or perhaps just not suited to my purpose. I did like the significant lines — a nice touch.


Inferno

Dante, translation by Allen Mandelbaum
9.6/10 · June 24, 2021

After all this time, Dante still blows me away. Revisiting it here was a real pleasure, bringing back lovely memories of class with Ed Nolan, the manifesto of my teenage self, etc. That final moment of emerging to see the stars is just breathtaking. One of the best parts this time has been hopping onto the Walking with Dante podcast. I’m definitely going to keep it going even after I’m done with the Watchmen post. It feels a lot like being in a class with an excellent teacher. Can’t wait to write about it all.


X-Men/Avengers: Onslaught Volume 1

Marvel
4.7/10 · June 25, 2021

I suppose people can have nostalgia for anything, but to me the entire Onslaught fiasco was a real nadir for Marvel, right down there with the Clone Saga. Spread across a bazillion issues, a huge mess narratively, constantly privileging art over story. And worst of all, the way it ended runs that had been going since the 1960s — ESPECIALLY Fantastic Four — was unforgivable. To be fair, there’s a germ of a good idea in there — Xavier’s frustration & absorption of Magneto turning him into a monster — but the execution, ugh. Really, it felt like a storyline symbolic of what was happening to Marvel during that time — an onslaught of greed and mutant overload destroying everything in its path.


X-Men/Avengers: Onslaught Volume 2

Marvel
3.7/10 · July 2, 2021

I guess it was supposed to be fascinating that the X-world was infested with all these Age of Apocalypse holdouts (Dark Beast, X-Man) even as the next mega-event unfolded, but to me it just felt like an already grossly swollen “What If” story had overflowed its bounds into regular continuity and was throwing even more nonsense into the pot on top of everything else. Hard to maintain an emotional impact when narrative threads are all over the place and still awaiting resolution. Verdict remains for this section — a mess that needed much better editorial control, and a monster that killed too many undeserving books.


100 issues with Taskmaster

Marvel
7.9/10 · August 2, 2021

Tony is a real utility character, so it’s not surprising that this was all over the place. He’s at his best when he shows up in stories with an overall comedic touch, given that he’s fairly ridiculous. The Taskmaster limited series, therefore, was probably the highlight of this selection, since it was not only funny but gave him a good reason for being in the story — needing to unlock tech that only took “kinesic signatures” from certain people, thus giving him a MacGuffin to chase and providing an interesting angle on his powers. Mostly, he’s just a supporting character in somebody else’s storyline, but these stories can be good. I quite liked the extended Spider-Man storyline in which Kraven captured a bunch of animal-themed villains and let them be hunted in a barricaded Central Park.


100 issues with Miles Morales

Marvel
8.8/10 · August 25, 2021

So for this, I read the full runs of Ultimate Comics Spider-Man, Spider-Man (2016), and Miles Morales: Spider-Man (so far). I also read the first 18 or so issues of Champions. I did NOT read Secret Wars, or whatever the heck series it was that brought Miles into mainstream 616 reality, so I ended up pretty baffled at how major plot points (i.e. who knew MM’s secret identity) got reshuffled from one reality to another. Ultimately, this felt like one cohesive story from Bendis that was truncated and interrupted, then turned into a different cohesive story from Bendis, until he left and Saladin Ahmed took over in a mostly smooth transition. Ahmed even addresses some of the weirder plot points, like why the fuck any Black parents would name their kid “Jefferson Davis.” Champions was much more scattered, more prone to crossover-itis, and (naturally) less focused on Miles. Wonderful work by Bendis (and Pichelli, and Marquez, and etc.) plus good work by Ahmed, plus okay work on Champions.


Team Topologies

Matthew Skelton and Manuel Pais
6.5/10 · September 5, 2021

Certainly not a fun read — I read it because I’d heard that’s what’s in our leadership’s heads around organizational structure, and I wanted to be able to speak in its terms when I talked to them about reorganizing the team I’m on. Predictably, that discussion did not go the way I wanted it to, but I did feel like I was able to use the book’s concepts to my advantage at least. Main takeaways for me:

  • Conway’s Law: the idea that software architecture tends to mimic team structure
  • Four kinds of teams: stream-aligned, complicated-subsystem, platform, enabling
  • Three kinds of interactions: collaboration, X-as-a-service, facilitation. You can also build trust with communities of practice, internal conferences, etc.
  • Everyone does not need to communicate with everyone
  • Focus on reducing cognitive load for teams
  • A good platform should simplify the developer’s life. Doing so results in faster flow & better quality
  • Development and operations should not be split. Rather, operations should be an input to development.
  • Team interactions, user feedback, telemetry & metrics are analogous to an organization’s senses — crucial for obtaining the feedback necessary to make good decisions.

10 issues with Iron Man stealth armor

Marvel
8.2/10 · September 12, 2021

For as much focus as the stealth armor gets in games, toys, etc., it seems to be incredibly minor in the overall Iron Man canon. It debuted in Iron Man #152 for a special stealth mission, and from that point forward seemed to mostly show up in issues where a bunch of armors appeared. That said, reading those issues meant I got to hit some big highlight moments in the IM narrative, plus the 2008 Iron Manual which provided a thorough breakdown of IM continuity prior to the movie. Pretty enjoyable stuff. I especially liked the Armor Wars issues, which I’d never read before.


The Surrealism Reader

Edited by Dawn Ades and Michael Richardson
4.8/10 · September 29, 2021

This was a real challenge to read. Very academic, and lots and lots of texts in translation. Also, it’s tough for me to get my mind around surrealism as a concept past the visual arts, and I find I don’t care much about it in poetry, etc. Much of it felt like grandstanding, infighting, or naive posturing. The Dalí essay — at 4 pages — was by far the most interesting part. That said, it gave me a grounding in some of the core surrealist concepts, and even beyond the Dalí provided a few good and possibly usable touchpoints — on masks, dreams, and humor.


100 issues of Ghost

Marvel
8.0/10 · October 10, 2021

My main takeaway from this was to try using reading order instead of ComicVine for these character dives. It was quite frustrating jumping around in time and picking my way through non-US releases. My second takeaway was that while Ghost started out as a one-note villain (that note being “hates corporations”), it was really Jeff Parker’s work on Thunderbolts that gave him the depth and pathos he needed to become a more interesting character. I’m happy to have done my homework on him, and I’ll be happy to do a more linear path through the other characters coming up.


Dalí

Dawn Ades
7.5/10 · October 12, 2021

It’s difficult to judge this one, because my copy arrived with 16 pages having been ripped out from various parts of the book (accounting for 32 total pages of reading — about 15% of the total). So my reading experience had a lot of frustrating skips and gaps. This was especially aggravating because the pages torn all had reproductions of paintings on them, to which other parts of the book referred. That monumental annoyance aside, this book was certainly much more accessible than the Surrealist Reader, and Ades does a creditable job of combining a broad biography with an examination of the major themes in Dalí’s work.


Essential Dalí

Kirsten Bradbury
8.4/10 · October 30, 2021

Well this was certainly better than my other Dalí book, which had tiny reprints and a bunch of THOSE torn out. This book has gorgeous full-color reproductions of 100+ Dalí works, and useful commentary that almost always frames the work in contrast to some other piece from another part of the book. Unfortunately, it is distressingly error-prone. For instance, the description of The Enigma of Desire mentions a bunch of stuff not shown in the reprint, because the reprint is just a detail from the painting, not that the book seems to realize that. Elsewhere, two different sculptures are labeled “The Profile of Time”, or rather, one is labeled that and the other is labeled “Profile du Temps”, when in fact the one labeled in English is actually Nobility of Time — even the description gets this one wrong. So an enjoyable tome, if not entirely trustworthy.


~100 issues of Constrictor

Marvel
8.1/10 · October 31, 2021

Using the reading order site for one of these runs was a MUCH more satisfying experience. It was cool to watch Frank move from a “villain of the week” to a character with some moral compass (in the Captain America arc), to a wacky neighbor for Deadpool, to a redemption arc in Thing, to a regularly appearing antihero in Avengers: The Initiative. In the process, I got to pop through a bunch of different pieces of Marvel history, including some of Priest’s run on Black Panther, which I dug, and his run on Deadpool, which not so much, though it was okay. There was some overlap with my Taskmaster read-through, especially towards the end as those characters joined up in Initiative. Uneven quality, as you’d expect, but a fun ride overall.


~100 issues of Spider-Woman

Marvel
8.2/10 · November 15, 2021

She-Hulk and Spider-Woman turned me off Marvel when I was 8 — they just felt like cheap weird copies. Now I know they were made to protect trademarks, for fear some other company would knock them off! Now I’ve come to enjoy each character on their merits, and this course on early Spider-Woman was enjoyable, though it was clear Marvel had no idea what to do with the character, and ended up depowering her (then walking that back a bit.) Interestingly, uncostumed Jessica in Wolverine was probably the most compelling version of her in this initial batch.

An assortment of covers from some of the works reviewed in this post.

What I Read in 2021, part 1

The first part of 2021 was when I finished my background reading for the Einstein entry of the Watchmnen Bestiary, and posted that, so there’s some Einstein stuff and some quote stuff in here, given that the article is about an Einstein (mis)quote. Aside from that, it was a lot more randomly selected Marvel runs, including some where the randomizer was not kind to me.

Be aware that spoilers are possible in these small reviews. There’s nothing too egregious, I don’t think, but you’ve been duly warned.


Fantastic Four – Walt Simonson run (#334–354)

Walt Simonson with occasional other artists
9.4/10 · January 2, 2021

So, overall this era of FF — with the She-Thing & the human Ben Grimm — is not my favorite. I’m cool with titles going through growth & change, and I appreciate the opportunities for character development, but I miss the real Thing. That said, what Simonson does with the book is absolutely awesome. The time-hopping issue (#352) is one of the coolest things I’ve ever seen in comics, and overall his exploration of time & formal depictions thereof is just sheer brilliance. It doesn’t hold a candle to Byrne (or Lee/Kirby for that matter) when it comes to character, but when it comes to form, Simonson’s FF is TOPS. Just a master class in comic book storytelling. Not to mention, Grimm becomes the Thing again by the end! Woo!


Einstein and the Poet

William Hermanns
3.4/10 · January 7, 2021

Overall this is just not a good book. For one thing, its production values are simply terrible — strewn with typos, and lacking even page numbers! Moreover, Hermanns himself, assuming he’s accurately portrayed in these pages, is a pompous jackass who seems to think he’s much more important to Einstein than he actually is. It’s a bit odd, really, given that he wrote the book himself, but the portrait I got was of somebody who tested Einstein’s patience over and over again, just as he tested mine. In the end, the pieces of Einstein himself that come through in these interviews are interesting and worthwhile, but they’re hardly worth the annoyance of the rest.


Fantastic Four – John Byrne run (#232–295)

John Byrne
9.5/10 · January 29, 2021

Of course, some of this is going to be colored by the fact that I read these comics as a teen in the 80s. But I still think these are great comics. For one thing, Byrne’s art is just gorgeous and perfect. His super-clean version of Thing, Reed, even She-Hulk, goes down so smooth. And the writing is just as good. In both areas, Byrne simply excels at characterization, and at reworking some of the earliest FF tropes. Standout stories are the anniversary issue (“Terror In A Tiny Town”) and the Skrull milk annual. His treatments of Doom are awesome — the Liddleville one being the best, but the Kristoff and cosmic/Terrax storylines are also great, and the follow-up towards the end of the run where he takes over the Latverian embassy as the “Invincible Man”. In general, there was a lot of pleasure to be had from how Byrne revisits FF iconography (Infant Terrible, Galactus, Negative Zone, Mole Man, etc.), though his run was more about looking backward and ringing changes than looking forward and building more foundations.


Fantastic Four – Waid/Wieringo run (v3 #60–70 + 500–524)

Mark Waid, Mike Wieringo, and other artists
9.3/10 · February 3, 2021

This captured my heart from the very first issue — the moments with Reed & Valeria are one of the few times a comic has made me choke up. And “Sentient” was almost a perfect first arc — a brilliant new villain rooted in the FF as a family, with an excellent solution (and twist on the way there.) Wieringo’s art is gorgeous, especially compared to those who fill in for him. I also appreciated the character development on Johnny — giving him more responsibility made him more responsible! I think this tactic of creating a vacuum for a learner to fill rings true to family dynamics. The series remained at a high level, albeit with ups and downs, throughout. One of my more favorite Waid accomplishments.


Marvel Knights 4 #1–30 (complete run)

Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa and various artists
8.7/10 · February 9, 2021

Coming off the Waid/Wieringo run, this was tonally jarring in both words and images. Steve McNiven’s initial issues made the FF and everyone around them look grotesque, not to mention everybody’s hair looked like it was underwater. Plus, the FF were somehow broke out on the streets in this book at the same time as Johnny was successfully taking over the financial helm in the other. So it was a bumpy start, but my appreciation increased over time, in particular for the psychological explorations. Unsurprisingly, the Psycho-Man arc was strong, with a fantastic twist when Alicia was swapped for Sue. The littler moments were the best part of this run.


Star Wars (2015) #50–67

Kieron Gillen and various artists
8.8/10 · February 17, 2021

This isn’t the start of the Gillen run, but it’s enough. Builds on the strong work of Jason Aaron — more adventures in between episodes 4 and 5. I appreciated getting to spend more time with Han, Leia, Luke, and the gang from episode 4. The new characters added some great color too, especially the drama-queen shapeshifter Tunga, and the Partisans — it makes sense there would be people who are in the Alliance because they hate the Empire, but are not necessarily “good guys.” In fact, these new characters were the highlight of the best arc, a heist-like caper called “The Scourging of Shu-Torun.”


The Ultimate Quotable Einstein

Collected & edited by Alice Calaprice
7.7/10 · February 18, 2021

Ultimately, reading a book of quotations (especially a 500+ page book of quotations) is a bit of an odd way to acquaint oneself with a person. I’m grateful I’d read the Isaacson book before wading into this one, as it provided crucial context for many of these free-floating utterances. There were certainly useful nuggets to be found, given that I’m researching a (wrong) Einstein “quote”, but it felt a bit sloggy much of the time.


X-Men Blue #29–36

Cullen Bunn and various artists
8.0/10 · February 23, 2021

This is the finale of the time-traveling original X-Men saga, winding up with them getting ready to go back to their own time with scrubbed memories and reset powers. Normally this kind of thing would seem like the height of pointlessness to me, between the “everything snaps back to status quo” and the “alternate universe versions of familiar characters”, two of my least favorite comicbook tropes. However, the X-Men were at their height in the 90s, and that meant that they caught the worst of the 90s-ness, with almost everybody taking a turn turning evil, or getting killed then cheaply resurrected, and with a lot of (for many of them) character “development” that felt like grotesque disfigurement and distortion. Consequently, bringing them back as they were to see what had happened to them later yielded some good story moments, though again it’s not as if they’re going to be able to learn anything from the experience. But we can.


Marvel Knights 20th

Donny Cates + various writers and artists
6.6/10 · February 25, 2021

So this is Cates, who I’ve determined I’m not crazy about (thanks to Thanos), writing yet another iteration of “all the heroes have lost their memories and powers, and now must become superheroes again.” This is a pretty well-worn trope, and nothing astonishingly new happens with it here. The arc has to do with them figuring out that they erased their own world and why, then reversing their decision, with final undertones of impending doom. Also, the art changes every issue. Enh, it’s okay — more palatable than the average Cates, but still nothing I’d seek out, recommend, or read again.


Death of the Inhumans

Donny Cates and Ariel Olivetti
2.8/10 · March 1, 2021

More Cates testosterone poisoning, more alternate future bullshit. It’s like he writes “What If?” issues, except they last for 5 or 6 issues instead, and instead of thoughtful explorations about life choices, they’re bloodthirsty, rancid avalanches of existence at its worst. No thank you. (Pretty good art, though, especially the covers.)


Guardians Of The Galaxy (2019)

Donny Cates, Geoff Shaw, and Cory Smith
4.8/10 · March 3, 2021

Whyyyyyyy do I keep randomly pulling Cates comics? In fairness, this was far more tolerable than the others have been, but it’s still just full of bloody nonsense, and “awesome” reveals or battles that just make me roll my eyes. The Abnett & Lanning runs get so much praise, and if they spawned the movie version of the Guardians, rightly so. But these issues were full of letters saying that Cates returned to the DNA spirit, which makes me wonder about those runs. So much of this is just thrown-together crap with no apparent point or thought behind it. Repetition passing for theme. So yeah, great for a Cates comic, mediocre at best for a Marvel comic.


Marvels Annotated

Kurt Busiek, Alex Ross
10.0/10 · March 21, 2021

I always loved Marvels, and it was an absolute joy to return to it in this version, with tons of extra notes, full scripts for each issue, and lots of bonuses. Like Watchmen, it rewards the time put into it. Also, it felt remarkably prescient and relevant to me in 2021. Take the mob violence of the mutants issue: “The real story was the people who’d been scared too long. Who’d been wound tight by talk of mutant menaces and hidden conspiracies and shadows under the bed. Who’d been wound tight — and cut loose. The real story was the people who started breaking things.” Sounds familiar, right? Or Phil’s exasperation with people constantly suspicious of those who keep doing nothing but trying to help them: “What do you people need? The world to ACTUALLY END?” I felt those more deeply this time than in any previous reading.


Apocalypse and the X-Tracts (Age of X-Man)

Tim Seeley & Salva Espin
2.4/10 · March 21, 2021

Oh hey, it’s yet another alternate universe, with yet more alternate versions of characters. Yeah, you know that guy you know of as a villain? Well here he’s a HERO! Get that! Except… maybe not REALLY?? Mysterious, right? Oh, and those other characters you like, well here’s some people who are almost exactly like them, but DIFFERENT. Why wouldn’t you care about that? That’s meaningful, right? How about if we do it 100 times in a row? Still meaningful, right? God forbid we try to just tell ongoing stories that enrich characters over time. Screw that! We are WIPING THE SLATE CLEAN for a NEW REALITY where everybody is A LITTLE DIFFERENT!


The Quote Verifier

Ralph Keyes
8.0/10 · March 22, 2021

An impeccably researched book full of little historical nuggets, organized around quotes and determining who really said them. Turns out a whole bunch of them aren’t original to those whom we typically credit for them. Pretty entertaining to read, though it skims the surface of a hundred things rather than diving in deep to one. My favorite parts were the sidebars that collected quotes (or misquotes) around a given person or flavor.


Marvel Masters Of Suspense – Stan Lee & Steve Ditko Omnibus, Volume 1

Stan Lee & Steve Ditko
8.2/10 · April 27, 2021

Including Journey Into Mystery #33 and #38, Strange Tales #46, #50, and #89, Tales To Astonish #1–26, Tales of Suspense #1–24, and Amazing Adventures #1–6. There are lots of other issues in the print omnibus, but these were the ones on Marvel Unlimited. (That turns out to be an ironic name in this case.) On the other hand, I read the entire issues, not just the Ditko stuff. These were quite a hoot, especially Astonish and Suspense.

On the one hand, they were clearly disposable stories — often the same Twilight-Zone-lite plots recycled over and over, and SO many kooky-named monsters & aliens set on either invading or elevating us (the latter of whom are always driven away by our fear and ignorance.) On the other hand, they really illuminate and pave the runway to the Marvel Universe, and recontextualize the first year or two of many classic comics (especially Fantastic Four). And Ditko really is great — an instantly recognizable and wonderfully dramatic style. His pre-superhero stuff is a fantastic prelude to Spider-Man and Dr. Strange.


Star Wars #108

Matthew Rosenberg and various artists
7.7/10 · April 28, 2021

So, I never really read the original run of Marvel Star Wars comics. I liked Star Wars, and LOVED Marvel, but my comicbook attention was pretty fully on superheroes. This comic was clearly a love letter to that run, so a lot of the nostalgia escaped me. Still, it was an enjoyable enough story on its own merits, even if most of its references bounced off me. Not as much fun as the newer runs by Aaron and Gillen, and the rabbit-head character seemed TOTALLY out of place, but a reasonably fun comic read.


Spider-Man: Life Story

Chip Zdarsky and Mark Bagley
9.2/10 · April 28, 2021

I crack a lot in here on alternate-universe stories and how I find them boring. But this series put me in mind of the old What If? comics, which I loved. It felt like a 6-issue What If? arc — What If Spider-Man Aged In Real Time? — and I really enjoyed it.

So what’s the difference? A couple of things, I think. First, What If? tended to shape its alternate universes on a single inflection point in a hero’s life, and explore what happened from there, while most modern alt-universe stories (Age of Apocalypse is the template here) tend to change a whole bunch of things, and be set many years past the difference-making events.

Secondly, What If? (at least the classic run of it that I remember) tended to be shaped around character first, action second, where Cates and his ilk are the other way around, treating the characters like action figures rather than people. (And in Cates’ case, Sid owns all the action figures.) So okay alternate universes, you’re allowed, but only with creators at the level of Zdarsky and Bagley, because Life Story was pretty great.


Hawkeye (2016)

Kelly Thompson, Leonardo Romero, and others
9.3/10 · April 30, 2021

I had read parts of this before, in my big Marvel Legacy read, but the entire 16-issue run was quite charming and loads of fun. Thompson’s writing style with Kate is breezy, genuinely funny (sometimes LOL funny), and also moving when it wants to be. Also, the art trick where she notices a bunch of things at once as she takes in a scene — circled in purple and labeled in her voice — was a fantastic way of capturing how her Hawkeye-ness truly does function as a superpower, and how it could make her an awesome P.I. A real joy, that ends too soon.


Marvel Action Captain Marvel (2019)

Sam Maggs and Sweeney Boo
8.4/10 · April 30, 2021

This was a pretty enjoyable all-ages comic, written with some verve. Not nearly at the level of Kelly Thompson’s Hawkeye, which I just came off reading, but pretty fun. Plus, the whole arc was about flerkens, so there were lots of cats. Yay, cats!


Marvel Action Spider-Man (2018)

Delilah Dawson, Fico Ossio, Erik Burnham, Christopher Jones, Davide Tinto, and others
7.3/10 · May 5, 2021

The interesting thing about this series is that it plops Peter Parker, Miles Morales, and Spider-Gwen together, without any alternate universe shenanigans. They’re just three spider-people — kids, actually — who get thrown together because of an internship or something. There’s a pretty enjoyable riff on Kraven, an okay Black Cat arc, and a meh Venom story (just not a Venom fan.) Lightweight comicbook fun for kids, mostly.


Marvel Action Avengers (2018)

Matthew K. Manning, Jon Sommariva, and Marcio Fiorito
8.3/10 · May 9, 2021

These are pretty good all-ages Avengers comics, though I can’t say I’m a huge fan of the art. I appreciate the psychological engagement with the characters — Tony’s emotional connection with team members even alongside his arrogance, Panther’s vulnerable bond with his father, etc. Good thick story too, interweaving Masque, AIM, Modok, aliens, etc. Lightweight but tasty.


Moon Knight Annual (2019)

Cullen Bunn, Ibrahim Moustafa, and Matt Horak
8.3/10 · May 9, 2021

This was apparently part of something called “Acts of Evil!”, which based on the name and the “Acts Of Vengeance” font seems like it’s going to be more villain-swapping. And indeed, here Moon Knight fights… Kang! This is mostly an excuse to have MK travel through space and time to meet with lots of other historically-bound MK equivalents — a Roman centurion Moon Knight! A minuteman Moon Knight! A Chicago gangster Moon Knight! Given that MK has a very cool design, these are pretty enjoyable visually. The plot itself is something about finding the first MK and then our MK and Khonshu setting the timeline right. So basically time-travel nonsense and the same “restore the status quo by undoing timeline damage” plot we’ve seen many times, but well-drawn and fun.


Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man (2019) #14

Tom Taylor, Marguerite Sauvage, and Ken Lashley
9.5/10 · May 9, 2021

Due to vagaries of randomness, I ended up only reading the final issue of this run, but I thought it was great. A Spider-Man story full of heart and compassion, plus subverting some common Spider-Man (and superhero) tropes. I loved the way he KEEPS his promise to Aunt May despite the superhero shenanigans, rather than having them undo his ability to be reliable. Also, the fact that he confronts the villain without punching, and gets him some help, is fantastic, as is the fact that the villain decides to stand down because “We all owe you.” Lovely composition and emotionally satisfying. Well done!

An assortment of covers from some of the works covered in this post.

What I Read in 2020, part 2

The latter part of 2020 was again taken up on the fun side mostly with Marvel Unlimited reading inspired by random pages from Marvel Previews catalogs. I also threw in an N.K. Jemisin novel and the Alex Trebek autobiography. On the project side, it was more Teen Titans and Mayfair RPG material, for background on my DC Heroes RPG Watchmen post, along with an Einstein biography for the next post.

As before, I’m not avoiding spoilers, including a major Teen Titans spoiler.


I Am Groot (2017)

Christopher Hastings and Marco D’Alfonso
7.0/10 · August 4, 2020

Groot, only able to say 3 words, has a hard time being the focus. Even in this allegedly solo series, much of the real interest and development centers around the setting and a new supporting cast (the Guardians get jettisoned early on). He’s in Baby Groot mode through this, and though it seems for a minute like he might grow back up, he doesn’t. So, return to status quo. Enjoyable enough but pretty forgettable too.


Invincible Iron Man (2016) #7–11

Brian Michael Bendis and various artists
8.5/10 · August 8, 2020

Bendis has his strengths and weaknesses, but something I’ve really come to appreciate about him is his strong commitment to POC representation. Riri Williams is the Iron “Man” in this title, while Stark is represented by an AI version of himself. Overall this works and is pretty interesting, and I love reading the comments in the lettercols from readers who feel seen for the first time. An odd thing: I think this is the first time in this project that a random selection has led into something I’d already read in a previous project, in this case the line-wide Marvel Legacy read. Overall, solid and enjoyable Bendis.


Unstoppable Wasp (2017) #7–8

Jeremy Whitley, Elsa Charretier, and Ted Brandt
9.8/10 · August 8, 2020

I only read two issues of this, but I loved it! I think it’s the best characterization of the Wasp I’ve ever seen, and I loved the girl-positive and science-positive qualities of it. I was more touched by the ending of this, after 2 issues, than I’ve felt by whole series I’ve read front-to-back.


Peter Parker, The Spectacular Spider-Man (2017) #1–#310 [20 issues]

Chip Zdarsky and various artists
9.4/10 · August 13, 2020

Charming and thrilling Spider-Man writing. Zdarsky does a wonderful job of mixing humor and poignancy. This run is probably most notable for the “My Dinner With Jonah” issue, in which Peter unmasks to JJJ and they become uncomfortable allies. Really hits a lot of the human levels of Spidey, and finds him showing compassion (sometimes a ridiculous amount of compassion) for people. Also loved the documentary issue. My main complaint was that 20 issues is too few. (Well, and that Marvel keeps screwing with issue numbers.)


Avengers (2016) #11–690 [20 issues]

Mark Waid, Al Ewing, Jim Zub, et al.
7.3/10 · September 3, 2020

There was something fundamentally unsatisfying about this run. The first parts were just frill stories, requiring other crossover reading to understand, and then came Avengers: No Surrender. I found it hard to get past the extremely contrived, video-game-ish premise, in which the Grandmaster has STOLEN THE EARTH for a COSMIC GAME!!! Seemed like the main point was to resurrect the Hulk. On the other hand, it deepened my love for Al Ewing, who apparently wrote the best part, a dialogue between Jarvis and Bruce Banner, in which J suggested that what they avenge are the moments in which they fail to live up to their best selves.


The City We Became

N.K. Jemisin
9.6/10 · September 5, 2020

In many ways I enjoyed this more than the Broken Earth trilogy. More grounded, more fun. It made me want to revisit New York, and bring Dante along. Some parts felt a little imperfect, like the King Kong scene (really?!) and the “everybody brown = good, everybody white = bad” character layout, but overall just a marvelous fantasy. And I suppose I’m not being quite fair with my brown/white comment above — the character of Aislyn was fascinating as a sympathetic tool of evil. Maybe she’ll be redeemed? Can’t wait for the next two.


Champions (2016) #12–18

Mark Waid, Humberto Ramos, et al.
6.2/10 · September 8, 2020

This is mainly the Avengers/Champions crossover (“Worlds Collide”), and the fallout centering around Viv Vision, her humanization and duplication. It’s a good story, the crossover part of which I’m encountering for third time (after the Legacy read-through and the Avengers read-through). But I hate hate HATE Ramos’s art. It mars the entire thing badly, where it doesn’t ruin it outright.


The Watchmen Companion

Ray Winninger, Dan Greenberg, Alan Moore, et al.
7.7/10 · September 26, 2020

Obviously I’ll write more about this in my Watchmen post, but for here I’ll just say I really appreciated the chance to be able to buy all this stuff in one volume rather than hunt it down. I have a hard time envisioning how some of it would work as an RPG, and the sourcebook didn’t necessarily add all that much, but Moore’s involvement, especially in the Winninger module, makes the whole thing noteworthy.


The New Teen Titans Volume Six

Marv Wolfman, George Pérez, Romeo Tanghal
8.8/10 · September 27, 2020

Continued character development, and buildup to the payoff that will occur in the next volume. We see Terra increasingly trusted by the group, but we also know she’s a mole. The books continue to sow doubt in both directions — she’s set up to betray the Titans, but will she be swayed by their goodness in the end? Meanwhile, Robin is finally FINALLY sick of being “Robin”, and sheds that identity, in time for Kid Flash to quit for good, while Donna figures out crucial stuff about her past that resolves longstanding questions for her. This volume is a great example of the kinds of benefits you can reap when a team does a long, long run on a title — continuity is an account that pays increasing dividends the longer you let it build.


The New Teen Titans Volume Seven

Marv Wolfman, George Pérez, and Mike DeCarlo
9.5/10 · October 5, 2020

Payoff at LAST! The first half of this book is the justly famous “Judas Contract” arc, which culminates the very long Terra storyline. Turns out she is irredeemable, which is a choice I loved. Having her be just a flat-out sociopath, even more so than the Terminator, subverts the expected clichés about her childlike innocence and the inherent goodness of wide-eyed girls. Then we end the even longer HIVE storyline with some more unexpected background — it’s gone on for much of this time without its initial leadership, driven by a wife just wanting to be true to her husband’s memory. Meanwhile ripples from Terra’s betrayal get explored, especially in Beast Boy. Great stuff.


The New Teen Titans Volume Eight

Marv Wolfman, George Pérez, et al.
9.6/10 · October 12, 2020

Two huge highlights in this volume. The first is the wedding of Donna Troy. It’s an incredible art feast by Pérez, just gorgeous pages with superbly creative composition. The story is suffused with love of all kinds, and unlike the typical superhero wedding, very little conflict. There’s a bit of insecurity here and there to drive some minor drama, but for the most part it’s happy. Even ominous foreshadowing resolves into a beautiful sequence with Hippolyta. The other high point of this volume is the confrontation between Beast Boy and Terminator, whose climactic sequence is… six pages of CONVERSATION. Punches fail, talking wins. Wonderfully scripted too — the kind of lines you want to say out loud. The rest of the collection is fine, but for those two issues it’s a must-have.


Not Brand Ecch (1967) #1–13 and #14 (2017)

Stan Lee, Marie Severin, Roy Thomas, et al.
4.9/10 · October 25, 2020

A super-try-hard MAD magazine wannabe, sticking mostly to Marvel-adjacent content (including DC parodies), but sometimes drifting into movie/TV parodies and the like. The vast majority is just. not. funny. Occasional exceptions are when they do meta-commentary on their own clichés (“Something happening to Bulk! Same thing that happens around this point in every Bulk story!”). Not infrequently topical, but topical to the late 60s, and some of the referents just aren’t that available now. The MAD-style takeoff names are just exhausting. Really, every issue is exhausting, not just because they’re so dense but because they’re just so overextended. Also, just kinda boring. These took forever to read, because I read them before bed and (unlike many other comics in that scenario), only got a few pages in before nodding off. There was a #14 published as a part of Marvel Legacy in 2017, which was a little more successful, because it was written by some people who are actually funny. (Including Ryan North.)


Inhumans – Once And Future Kings (2017)

Priest & Phil Noto
9.0/10 · October 26, 2020

Okay, first of all, points for the fun Lockjaw backup stories by Ryan North and Erica Henderson. But also, the overall Inhumans story is great! I love seeing them as teens, and Priest does a great job of exploring the thematic reverberations of the Alpha Primitives. Plus, the art is absolutely gorgeous. And also, the whole thing feels just fun. The Spider-Man team-up was unexpected and awesome.


Old Man Logan (2016) #25–30

Ed Brisson & Mike Deodato Jr.
7.5/10 · October 28, 2020

So, alternate universe versions of heroes fighting other alternate universe versions of heroes from other universes always feels pretty low stakes to me. I just don’t care that much about time-displaced Wolverine from dystopia fighting time-displaced Hulk from other dystopia. There are some nice little moments with here&now Hawkeye, and what feel like some pretty clear overtones about Trump. Also, the art is pretty and often creatively composed.


The Answer Is…

Alex Trebek
9.0/10 · November 4, 2020

A really delightful read, which made me appreciate Alex on a deeper level. His perspective on life & illness was great — reminded me a little bit of Roger Ebert, though more on the lite side. Also, OMG the swearing is a riot! In any case, a quick but satisfying experience.


Runaways (2003) #1–18 and Runaways (2005) #1–24

Brian K. Vaughan, Adrian Alphona, et al
9.1/10 · November 7, 2020

This is my second or third trip through some of these comics, which is down to random vagaries, but I still find them enjoyable, which is down to Vaughan. Characters are very well drawn, and he does a lovely job of striking the emotional notes in between the plotty stuff. I have some mixed feelings about the characters still (can’t see the point of Chase, and Alex’s “brilliance” is questionable), but the ones I love (Molly, Nico, Gert) I really love.


Astonishing X-Men (2017) #1–12

Charles Soule + various artists
9.4/10 · November 24, 2020

This was great! Granted, the point of the whole thing was to resurrect Charles Xavier (and maybe to take Fantomex off the board), but it was done with tremendous thought and style. With this series, Soule became a writer to watch for me. He really gets the symbolic levels of the X-Men, and superheroes in general. For instance, bringing in Proteus to showcase how protean they all are — Psylocke, Xavier, Rogue, and so forth — is lovely. And I’m a sucker for mindscapes like Soule’s verison of the astral plane. Really satisfying read.


Black Panther (2018) #1–22

Ta-Nahisi Coates + various artists
8.9/10 · December 6, 2020

So, first thing, I’ve finally hit the point in this project where I’m opening runs that haven’t yet ended. That’s kind of unsatisfying, to end with a “To Be Continued.” But in this case, it’s unsatisfying because the series itself is great. Granted, it builds a lot on Coates’ previous BP run, which I haven’t read, but now I’d really like to, because “The Intergalactic Empire Of Wakanda” epic is both wonderfully told and quite thought-provoking. I’d heard of Coates as an essayist and opinion journalist, but knew nothing about his fiction writing. He certainly doesn’t disappoint here. The entire concept of T’Challa being enslaved by the empire that he himself set in motion, with Wakanda’s gods grasping for power in the background, goes way against cliché and makes for an intriguing unfolding. Also, the story’s structure keeps raising and answering questions. One thing I don’t quite get though: what is going on with time? Seems like in book one years go by, but T’Challa doesn’t seem noticeably older, and not much has changed in Wakanda. Confusing.


Thanos Wins: Thanos (2016) #13–18 & Thanos Annual #1

Donny Cates, Geoff Shaw, et al.
2.8/10 · December 7, 2020

Bleah. I wasn’t crazy about the first 12 issues of this (Lemire’s run), but Cates’ is significantly worse. The whole thing seems fascinated with darkness and badassery in a way that feels like it comes out of a 7th-grade male’s basement. Yet another dark sad take on Hulk, Dark Silver Surfer, multiple Thanoses, “Cosmic Ghost Rider” whose penance stare has no effect on Thanos, blah blah blah. Amoral horseshit. I will say that the annual was pretty fun though, mainly because various other writers got a crack at the concept.


Captain America (2018) #1–22

Ta-Nahisi Coates + various artists
9.3/10 · December 18, 2020

Once again this is an incomplete series as of today, and once again that’s a drag because Coates tells a fantastic story. This is Captain America for the Trump era, or rather the follow-up for Secret Empire, which was REALLY Cap for the Trump era. And as good as Coates is about exploring what American symbols mean when the country is deeply sick, he’s even better in this series about gender. There is a LOT about what it means to be “a man”, and a lot about sisterhood and a woman’s need to rescue herself rather than having a man do it for her. The women rescue Cap a lot, which really works for me.


FF variant cover issues

Marvel
8.0/10 · December 19, 2020

All from 2018. Venom #5, Weapon H #6, X-23 #3, X-Men:Red #7. As usual, Cates leaves me cold on Venom. Greg Pak is pretty respectable at selling the ridiculous concept of a Hulkverine. My favorite thing about Mariko Tamaki’s X-23 is her portray of Gabby, the fun clone. And Tom Taylor sketches a great adventure in just one issue, pulling in lots of great scenes for the X-Men. Hard to aggregate a rating for these, so let’s just say… 8.


Einstein: His Life And Universe

Walter Isaacson
10.0/10 · December 21, 2020

This was a fantastic biography. Fascinating material, written very well and researched impeccably. It felt to me like the Platonic ideal of what a biography ought to be. I learned about very complex science alongside deep insights of Einstein’s fundamental qualities as a human being. Not to mention, it gave me everything I needed and more for my Watchmen project.

An assortment of covers from some of the works reviewed in this post.

What I Read in 2020, part 1

I tend to have two types of reading: reading for a project and reading for fun. The thing is, the reading for fun often turns into a project, and the reading for a project can be, but isn’t always, pretty fun. In 2020, this chiasmus was in full effect.

My fun reading was overwhelmingly comics from Marvel Unlimited at the time, and that was driven by a project. See, I go to the comic book store every month, and every month I’m there, I pick up an issue of Marvel Previews so that I can figure out what, if anything, I want to add to my pull list from the upcoming solicitations. A rational person would probably throw these away after that determination had been made, but instead, I’d been accumulating them on a shelf until there were many years’ worth there. It was time to clear that shelf, but again, because I am the way I am, I decided to make a project out of it.

For each issue, I pick a random page, and then read the run that page suggests on Marvel Unlimited. This ended up taking a lot of different forms, but overall it let me jump around Marvel history, focusing on the more recent, reading the work of lots of different creators and the stories of lots of different characters. In these days, those catalogs would sometimes include toys and statues, so when I landed on one of these randomly, I’d try to read 100 issues of that character, driven by the internet’s suggestions. I still do this random Previews page thing, but now just once a month when I get the new one.

The project reading, as is pretty much always the case nowadays, was driven by The Watchmen Bestiary. In mid-2020, I was doing background reading for a post on the Mayfair DC Heroes RPG, and its Watchmen content. That meant reading a rulebook, and also familiarizing myself with the dominant DC comic of the era, Teen Titans.

There are 42 entries from 2020 (dating from the time I started giving decimal-place ratings), but that’s too many for a single blog post. Consequently, this post covers a period from May 7 to August 1.

Note that because these were mostly notes to myself, I was not careful about spoilers. Therefore, be thee warned that these reviews are not spoiler-free, especially the Teen Titans stuff.


Invincible Iron Man (2015) #6–#14

Brian Michael Bendis, Mike Deodato
7.5/10 · May 7, 2020

Bendis at his worst is glib and facile, reiterating dialogue mannerisms like tics across every character and blithely wrenching characters into increasingly implausible and inconsistent actions. Bendis at his best is deep and emotional, striking to the very heart of what’s essential about a character while radically reworking their iconic qualities into startling and fresh configurations. This was somewhere in between — some wonderful moments with Tony, especially his post-AA conversation with Carol, plus the introduction of Riri Williams, who disrupts the whole “white male genius” vibe. At the same time, blowing past narrative cohesion in an extremely frustrating way — e.g. at the end of one issue there’s a giant explosion engulfing all the characters, and in the next issue everybody is fine with no explanation why — and some pretty tiring “You’re telling me this?” “I’m telling you this.” dialogue.


Thunderbolts (2016) #1–12

Jim Zub, Jon Malin, et al.
7.0/10 · May 14, 2020

There seems to be tons of affection for the original Thunderbolts series, and given that it was Busiek + Bagley that makes sense. Never read it myself. This iteration is much of the original cast but led by Bucky, and centered around Kobik, the cosmic-cube-as-precocious-preschooler from the Pleasant Hill event. It has its charms, though the art is mostly ugly 90s pastiches.


Avengers: Standoff (2016)

Marvel
7.2/10 · May 22, 2020

Kind of a harebrained plot, engineered mostly to de-age Steve Rogers and set up Secret Empire. Mostly pretty silly. I did enjoy seeing the backstory to the Thunderbolts run, and getting to see a bit of Roberto da Costa running his own renegade Avengers squad. Also, Al Ewing continues to be great.


The Haunted Mansion (2016)

Joshua Williamson, Jorge Coelho
4.8/10 · May 23, 2020

There are probably people who have fond memories of Disneyland’s Haunted Mansion. I’m not one of them. Also, seemed to be aimed at kids, with some questionable messages about taking ridiculous risks. Overall, this was not for me.


Venom: Space Knight (2016) #11–13

Robbie Thompson, Gerardo Sandoval, et al.
6.8/10 · May 23, 2020

This felt like being dropped into the midst of a story with a bunch of characters I don’t know or care about. Also, Venom is not my favorite character. But I do like the Flash Thompson part, and this series had a nice Spidey cameo, just post-Superior. Also, there was a moment with Spidey and the symbiote that felt redemptive. Con: the ugly art.


Extraordinary X-Men Annual #1 (2016)

Ollie Masters, Brandon Montclare, Carlo Barberi, and Rosi Kampe
7.7/10 · May 23, 2020

A fun prison break story. Fluffy and lightweight but enjoyable enough. Same goes for the secondary story between Forge & Moon Girl (they’re spending time together why?) Pretty art on the first story.


Marvel (2020) #1

Alex Ross, Frank Espinosa, Kurt Busiek, Steve Rude, et al.
8.2/10 · May 23, 2020

First issue of an anthology series — Marvel-themed “anything goes” stories done by various people from inside and outside of Marvel. The frame story did nothing for me, but both the shorts, a Spider-Man/MJ marriage story by Espinosa and an old-school 1960s-style Avengers story by Busiek, were pretty good.


Civil War II

Brian Michael Bendis, David Marquez, Olivier Copiel, et al.
8.8/10 · May 23, 2020

I like it when Marvel digs into the metaphorical value of their characters by having them clash over serious philosophical differences, and this one paid off mostly. It still felt a little unsatisfying, as some of the more obvious arguments remained both unstated and unrefuted, replaced by more punch-outs. And it loses points to the original Civil War in being that much further removed from real-world debates (I mean, I guess the future predicting is like profiling, but that’s also a bit of a stretch.) Overall enjoyable combo of writing & art though, and some good character moments, though none as good as the argument outside an AA meeting that Bendis wrote for Tony & Carol in Iron Man.


Guidebook to the Marvel Cinematic Universe – Marvel’s Agents of SHIELD Season Three (2016)

Mike O’Sullivan et al.
5.3/10 · May 24, 2020

Lots of character-by-character recaps covering the same plot ground over and over. And not my favorite season of AOS either. (Though not my least fave…) But pretty dull to read, and a little too divorced from the fact that it’s a show — why not say who played what?


Miracleman Book One: A Dream Of Flying

Alan Moore, Garry Leach, and Alan Davis
9.7/10 · June 1, 2020

Moore’s original superhero deconstruction, before Swamp Thing and Watchmen. It feels like a younger Moore, but still fantastic. It’s the redemption of the ludicrous all over, a Shazam-like hero brought to our earth and his implications examined, his foundations overthrown. Essential. Thank goodness Marvel brought it back into print.


The New Teen Titans Volume One

Marv Wolfman, George Pérez, Romeo Tanghal
8.3/10 · June 10, 2020

Reading these as background for the Mayfair DC project, but they’re enjoyable in their own right. I’m a fan of Wolfman’s Marvel work, and he doesn’t disappoint here, though the grating DC goofiness/silliness is always in place. Also, Pérez’s art and composition are consistently fricking gorgeous.


The New Teen Titans Volume Two

Marv Wolfman, George Pérez, Romeo Tanghal
8.6/10 · June 20, 2020

Pérez is still wonderful. Reading these in tandem with the RPG rules, and it’s amazing how some of them really feel like RPG scenarios, especially the quest to find the Doom Patrol, which splits the team, then has encounters in a hidden temple, then reunites the team, then a plot twist, then a redemption, then a boss fight, etc. Also, Pérez, man. Wow.


The New Teen Titans Volume Three

Marv Wolfman, George Pérez, Romeo Tanghal
8.8/10 · June 29, 2020

A bunch of little one-off stories, either revisiting past Titans stuff (pre “New” series) or experimenting with different narrative structure, like the “Dear Mom And Dad” story. The real winners though are the limited series issues where they all go camping together and we get a BUNCH of backstory and character development on Cyborg, Changeling, Raven, and Starfire. The Starfire one in particular sets up much bigger stories for Vol. 4.


100+ issues with Medusa

Marvel
8.0/10 · July 3, 2020

Highlights of this were the Lee/Kirby Fantastic Four stuff, Charles Soule’s Uncanny Inhumans (it’d be fun to read Soule’s whole Inhumans arc across various titles), and Fraction/Allred’s FF. Ant-Man’s “sociopath” speech to Doom while giving him the beatdown in the final issue of FF was GREAT.


Elektra (1996) #1–19 and #-1

Peter Milligan, Larry Hama, and Mike Deodato
2.8/10 · July 7, 2020

OMG the awful, AWFUL, horrendous 90’s-ness of it all. What a terrible time for comics. Page after page of grotesqueries — anatomical abominations, exploitative sexualization, laughably flowing ponytails & cloaks, cheesiness masquerading as grit, and lordy the shoulder pads. Pages centered around poses. Close-ups on slitted eyes. Strands of hair EVERYWHERE. Just bad bad bad. But also the storytelling just sucks — threads outright dropped, or stuff happening “because badass”. What did I like? Uh, the hints of Frank Miller Daredevil were pretty cool. And, uh… maybe the Greek stuff? Overall just no.


The Unbelievable Gwenpool: Head Of M.O.D.O.K. (Issues #5–10)

Chris Hastings, Irene Strychalski, & Gurihiru
7.1/10 · July 8, 2020

The concept of somebody getting thrown from our universe into the Marvel Universe, and exploiting her meta-level knowledge of how stories are structured, etc., in order to prosper, is a fun one. But the character is way too nihilistic, willing to murder people because they’re “background characters”. It’s like if Zero Sum Game from Comp97 were a comic book character. Kind of a bummer.


The New Teen Titans Volume Four

Marv Wolfman, George Pérez, Romeo Tanghal
8.9/10 · July 10, 2020

The book is maturing at this point, and laying in richer characterization and deeper themes. Brother Blood stuff explores cults, and the epic space opera gives us much more background on Starfire, as well as giving her character some development & cultivating her romance with Robin. Also we’re getting increasing hints that all is not well with Raven. Absorbing and fun.


The New Teen Titans Volume Five

Marv Wolfman, George Pérez, Romeo Tanghal
9.0/10 · July 22, 2020

Strands getting thicker and stronger. The introduction of Terra and verrry slow burn on her sketchiness. Increasing unreliability of Raven. Development of Robin separating from Batman — probably the best character development in this volume, though Raven’s was good too. Brother Blood was strong, Thunder and Lightning weaker.


Thanos (2016) #1–12

Jeff Lemire, Mike Deodato, and German Peralta
5.4/10 · July 25, 2020

I don’t love series that center on villains, and seeing one broken down only to build himself back up again isn’t exactly inspiring to me. I guess it’s fun to see other takes on cosmic characters, but overall really not my cup of tea.


DC Heroes RPG 1st edition

Greg Gorden
7.4/10 · July 29, 2020

I wish I could be part of a game of this run by somebody else. In my head, the logarithmic AP mechanic and the fact that you have to keep looking stuff up on a table feels clunky, and I still have trouble wrapping my head around the notion that the “health bar” is so low, but maybe in play it would feel natural. Certainly it’s got its fans, who call it elegant and transparent. EvilDM’s videos, Hero Points podcast, and DC All-Star Games have been invaluable resources in understanding the living, breathing feel of the game beyond the rulebooks.


Nick Fury (2017) #1–6

James Robinson and ACO
7.3/10 · August 1, 2020

Wild and crazy art feels like a tribute to Steranko (though not an aping), and the writing has a freewheeling 60’s-James-Bond energy. Those are the pluses. On the minus side, the whole thing felt kind of disconnected from the overall universe, and consistently failed to generate any feeling of stakes.

The painting Job and His Friends, by Ilya Repin.

The Watchmen Bestiary 43 – Brother and Companion

Behold, if you read this post, you shall be stricken with Watchmen spoilers, and also analysis of the biblical book of Job from a secular perspective, if you view that sort of thing as an affliction.

A few posts ago, I tried to catalog all the symmetries I could find in Watchmen, but as we pass into Chapter 7, I realize I missed a big one: the structure of the book itself. As the web annotations document, each issue of the comic has a focus, and that focus is either advancing the plot or exploring a character. Now, it’s hardly cut and dried — all the chapters do both — but I think we can fairly say that some chapters delve more deeply into a character than others. Stepping back, when we look at how those jobs are divided up, a symmetry reveals itself:

Issue Focus
1 Plot
2 Character: The Comedian
3 Plot
4 Character: Dr. Manhattan
5 Plot
6 Character: Rorschach
7 Character: Nite Owl II
8 Plot
9 Character: Silk Spectre II
10 Plot
11 Character: Ozymandias
12 Plot

In other words, rather than simply alternating between plot focus and character focus, the book reflects along an axis between Chapter 6 and Chapter 7, so that two character chapters are adjacent, and plot chapters bookend the story. We’ve now crossed that axis, and are opening Chapter 7, “A Brother To Dragons”, which explores Nite Owl II. As always, the chapter title derives from its epigraph, in this case a quotation from the biblical book of Job:

Epigraph from Watchmen chapter 7, reading: "I am a brother to dragons, and a companion to owls. My skin is black upon me, and my bones are burned with heat. JOB chapter 30, verses 29-30"

There’s quite a bit to unpack here, even before we get to the somewhat startling choice of linking Dan Dreiberg with Job. Let’s start with the language.

Set Your Words in Order Before Me

Moore quotes the King James Version (KJV) of The Bible, and its imagery of dragons and owls feels rich with mythological weight, tying in well with the classical allusion and illustration that appears on the next page, Dan’s article “Blood from the Shoulder of Pallas.” However, I’ve defaulted in this project to using the English Standard Version (ESV), and scripture citations in this post will come from that translation unless otherwise specified. The ESV renders this epigraph quite differently:

I am a brother of jackals
and a companion of ostriches.
My skin turns black and falls from me,
and my bones burn with heat.

It turns out that Job is quite a challenge to translators. As the American-Israeli bible scholar Edward L. Greenstein details in Job: A New Translation, there are multiple layers that make the text difficult to interpret: its highly poetic vocabulary, its culturally referential use of words, its idiosyncratic idioms with technical meanings, and even the condition of the text itself, which was originally circulated among an elite group, had only a few copies in existence, and may have sometimes gotten its papyrus sheets shuffled. Subsequent scribes and scholars have all strained to make sense of the original Hebrew, and “Specialists tend to agree that the ancient translators often resorted to guesswork, to the substitution of words they knew for words they did not, and to loose paraphrase.” (pg. xxviii – xxxi)

In the case of the epigraph text, the KJV is an outlier in how it translates the Hebrew citations of animals in this verse. Most versions substitute “jackals” for “dragons”, with the occasional “serpents”, “snakes”, or “monsters”. “Owls” enjoys a bit more popularity, but is still a minority choice, with most translators using “ostriches” or “daughters of the ostrich.”

How can there be this much slippage between very different beasts? Well, it goes back to the rather obscure Hebrew. The sense of the passage follows from the previous line, “I stand up in the assembly and cry for help.” The idea is that Job’s mournful cries connect him with other animals that make such sounds, jackals and ostriches being the consensus choice, though there is room to render them otherwise.

All that observed, within the Watchmen context, it still makes the most sense to just stick with the KJV images, since Moore and Gibbons find various ways to evoke them in the chapter. As usual, the authors are quite ingenious at creating moments for the epigraph to resonate. Let’s break it down a little:

Panel and title from Watchmen, chapter 7, page 2. A huge gout of flame bursts forth from the front of Archie, with the words "A Brother to Dragons" beneath.

I am a brother to dragons,

  • The title appears under a 3-panel-wide image of Archie “breathing fire”
  • That fire-breath happens again on page 27, while Archie is aloft
  • Rorschach also spews flame, as we saw in Chapters 5 and 6, and Rorschach is clearly very present in Dan’s mind throughout the chapter, in a way that suggests a brotherly relationship
  • The idea of brotherhood comes up for Dan both in connection to Rorschach (“I feel we have certain obligations to our fraternity.”, pg. 28) and to Hollis (“like part of a brotherhood or something…”, pg. 8)
  • Both dragons and owls align with Dan’s passion for flight, as well as for mythology
  • Laurie calls it “knights-in-armor fantasy stuff” (pg. 7), a descriptor that very much includes dragons
  • “Archie breathes smoke as well as fire” (pg. 22) — and in fact does both on page 27, creating a smokescreen and then gouting flame from within it
  • Laurie’s smoking is another kind of fire-breathing, themed initially as an accidental firestarter and finally as the fire’s denouement

and a companion to owls.

  • Dan’s friendship with Hollis is obviously companionship to a (Nite) Owl
  • The Twilight Lady also calls herself a “Night Bird” in her signed picture (pg. 5), and while Dan isn’t exactly her companion, he is also reluctant to dispose of the souvenir
  • As Dan explains, his ship Archimedes is named after Merlin’s pet owl in Disney’s The Sword In The Stone (pg. 7)
  • Owls are also his intellectual companions, as we see in his writing for ornithological journals

My skin is black upon me,

  • Archie is covered with soot after the fire is extinguished — an exterior blackening
  • Laurie asks for her coffee “black as the devil” (pg. 11), and it steams up in front of them while they watch TV, continuing the imagery of smoke and mist
  • “During Hiroshima Week, I read an article in Time magazine, with pictures: kids’ bodies, skin burned black.” (pg. 12)
  • In Dan’s dream, he pulls the black skintight costume off the Twilight Lady
  • The tenement fire victims pointedly include very dark-skinned Black people

and my bones are burned with heat.

  • All the fiery dragon imagery recalls this line as well — being a companion to dragons makes for a close affiliation with burning and heat
  • Dan burns with another kind of heat in this chapter, desiring Laurie more and more until they consummate their relationship in a blast of fire
  • “It’s just disturbing that, faced with such heat, people remain so cool” (pg. 12)
  • The skeletal couple in the nuclear blast literally have their bones burned with heat
  • The tenement fire victims are also burned with heat
  • Not only do fire images recur (Archie’s flame, nuclear blasts, the burning tenement), but Dan also invokes hell multiple times throughout the chapter
  • “I feel so confident it’s like I’m on fire.” … “I didn’t know you could smolder.” (pg. 28)



Now, all this flashy mythology isn’t what’s happening in Job at all — as I mentioned above, this section in the Bible story has more to do with Job’s mournful wailing and physical afflictions. For those unfamiliar with the Job story, let’s sketch out a very high-level overview. For what it’s worth, I’m not a believer, so this won’t be the most reverent summary, but it will align to the text.

In true folk tale fashion, the book begins, “There was a man in the land of Uz”, and goes on to describe Job, who is wealthy, respected, pious, and blessed with a large family. High above, the Satan (in Hebrew “adversary” or “accuser”) taunts God with the claim that Job is only faithful because he is fortunate. God takes the bet, and allows the Satan to lay waste to Job’s “possessions”, which means not only his numerous livestock but also all his servants and all ten of his children — they’re all gathered for a party when the house falls in on them and kills them.

Job stays faithful (“The LORD gave, and the LORD has taken away” 1:21), but the Satan continues to goad God, and another round ensues, in which Job’s health is afflicted, and he ends up on a trash heap, scraping at his sores with a shard of pottery. Still he remains faithful, but with no explanation for why such calamities have befallen him, and no relief from them either. Three of his friends show up, and at first just sit with him silently, but then sanctimoniously lecture him after Job starts lamenting the day of his birth.

They insist that he must have sinned badly to be so punished, which we and Job know is not true, but they have no other way to explain to themselves what is happening to Job — he must have deserved it. They even go so far as to start inventing sins Job must have committed. Job, meanwhile, keeps insisting on his innocence and demanding an audience with God, a kind of trial where his alleged sins can be enumerated and he can defend himself.

An engraving of Job with three men on the right pointing at him with both hands, and one on the left speaking in his ear.

William Blake – Job Rebuked By His Friends

After several rounds of arguments between Job and this trio, a fifth voice pipes up: the younger man Elihu. Elihu berates both the friends and Job, but overall his arguments are not radically different from the trio’s. He does, however, add another dimension, suggesting that because God is unquestionably good, Job’s suffering must have a benevolent purpose that mortals are too limited in their perspective to understand, and that this purpose may involve teaching lessons. He also berates Job for complaining, and for demanding an explanation from God, saying that he suffers in part to be purified of these sins. (Though of course these so-called sins wouldn’t be occurring had Job not been afflicted with outrageous misfortune in the first place.)

Finally, God himself steps on stage, speaking to Job “out of the whirlwind”, but not for the reckoning of justice that Job craves. Instead, he spends several chapters cataloging all the wonders of the world and the universe, while periodically directing sarcastic zingers at Job, like so:

Where were you when I laid the foundation of the earth?
Tell me, if you have understanding.
Who determined its measurements — surely you know! (38:4)

God goes on like this for four chapters, devoting long descriptions to enormous creatures like Behemoth (a land beast) and Leviathan (a sea beast), constantly heckling Job by pointing out his lack of power over these monsters. For instance, with regard to Leviathan: “Will he make many pleas to you? Will he speak to you with soft words? Will he make a covenant with you to take him for your servant forever? Will you play with him as with a bird, or will you put him on a leash for your girls?” (41:3-5) This last question is particularly harsh, given that Job’s girls are dead.

Finally, Job abases himself completely to God, saying, “I have uttered what I did not understand… therefore I despise myself, and repent in dust and ashes.” (42:3-6) God then rebukes Job’s friends, and Job successfully intercedes for them so that they may escape punishment. Finally, God “restores” Job’s fortunes, giving him twice as many animals as before, and ten new children — not that new children can replace dead children.

This is obviously a great simplification of a book so complex and nuanced that millennia of scholars have argued over it, but even this bare framework exposes moral questions that can be brought to bear on Watchmen, as it has chosen to directly invoke this particularly dramatic and fraught part of the Bible.

Him Who is Righteous and Mighty

In his bestseller When Bad Things Happen to Good People, Rabbi Harold S. Kushner analyzes the Job story, and identifies a trio of beliefs that cannot all remain standing in the face of Job’s suffering:

God is all-powerful and causes everything that happens in the world. Nothing happens without His willing it.

God is just and fair, and stands for people getting what they deserve, so that the good prosper and the wicked are punished.

Job is a good person. (pg. 36)

As Kushner points out, when Job suffers, we can only affirm any two of these statements by denying the third. The friends are ready to stop believing in #3, arguing that Job must not be a good person after all. Job is ready to reject #2, arguing that God is in fact unjust, though the way he rejects it transforms over the course of the book. At first he simply accuses God of unfairness, but by the end he believes that God transcends altogether mortal concepts of justice and fairness, that we are too limited in our understanding to comprehend the cosmic scale of goodness upon which God works. (Kushner himself rejects #1, and argues that the author of Job does too, but that’s a path I won’t try to tread here.)

Cover of the book When Bad Things Happen to Good People, by Harold S. Kushner

When God addresses Job with a blizzard of rhetorical questions about how the universe works, he amplifies points made earlier by Elihu, who sometimes rattles off a similar series of questions, for instance:

Do you know how God lays his command upon [his works]
and causes the lightning of his cloud to shine?
Do you know the balancings of the clouds,
the wondrous works of him who is perfect in knowledge[?] (37:15-16)

The essential argument here is: who are you to question me, when I have so much power? When the text hammers over and over at God’s extreme capabilities, we begin to understand that in this moral calculus, power is standing in for fairness. Might makes right, and Kushner’s proposition #1 looms so large that it swallows #2 — as Job comes to believe, we simply cannot judge such a powerful being on our own terms. God is by definition righteous, even if his actions are well outside our understanding of good and justice, and all the pain he brings is meant to help on a cosmic scale we cannot see.

Ozymandias, it seems to me, would make all the same arguments about himself. Not that he would claim to be all-powerful, exactly, but he is exercising power on a level beyond any of the other characters besides Jon. Neither is he all-knowing, but he does believe that he sees a greater perspective than everyone else. Clearly, Rorschach is not the only one in this book who has concluded that God is absent, and that in this absence it is the strong who must decide what is just.

There is no Satan to goad Adrian into testing his beliefs by inflicting suffering and death upon others — that incitement comes entirely from within him. When it comes to slaughter, in fact, Adrian quite outdoes the Satan in Job’s story. Rather than causing the killings of some servants, ten children, and thousands of animals, Adrian’s plan kills millions of New Yorkers, with no differentiation between the wicked and the honorable. Dan speaks in a rather Jobean mode when he wonders how anyone could tell if the world’s smartest man has gone crazy.

And yet, while Adrian might believe in his own godlike perspective and power, we know better, especially when we witness his interactions with Dr. Manhattan. His experiment to eliminate Jon with another intrinsic field subtractor fails (and he sacrifices his majestic pet for nothing), and his bid for reassurance about whether “it all worked out in the end” draws a gently scornful reply. Doctor Manhattan himself is a walking refutation of the notion that transcendent power automatically implies righteousness, as he’s more of the Nietzschean god, indifferent or distant to human affairs.

The book of Job aims to teach or convince us that God’s power is proof of his goodness. The superhero genre, on the other hand, rests on the foundation that power is not automatically equivalent to justice, but rather that using power in the service of justice is the fundamental choice of the hero. These heroes — and their villains — are not above our judgement in the way that Job’s God wants to be. Rather, we judge them precisely for how they use their power, not for the sheer fact of power itself. In this, I would argue that superheroes (speaking generically) represent a better moral example than Job’s mocking God.

Of course, Watchmen sets out to deconstruct superheroes, so it presents two different perversions of the “using power for justice” foundation. The first is that its only truly invincible figure has become detached from the concept of justice, and in fact the book strongly implies that this detachment is a result of extreme power.

Two separate panels from Watchmen chapters 3 and 4. Dr. Manhattan being described as detached from the world, and then walking through Gila Flats saying, "I am tired of this world; these people. I am tired of being caught in the tangle of their lives."

The second is that powerful characters differ in their definitions of justice, and in how they weigh the concept against other moral goods. Our characters are mighty enough to cause huge events to happen. Does this power exempt them from being judged by us? Watchmen‘s answer seems to be a pretty clear HELL NO.

The Pinions and Plumage of Love

In chapter 1 of Job, the Satan observes that God acts as Job’s protector: “Does Job fear God for no reason? Have you not put a hedge around him and his house and all that he has, on every side?” (1:9-10) In response, God withdraws his protection, and one of the book’s major lessons is that personal goodness does not entitle you to divine protection. God isn’t, as Kushner puts it, “a kind of cosmic vending machine” (pg. 40) that spits out rewards in exchange for good behavior. Instead, blessings are to be viewed as a gift from God, one that may be withdrawn at any moment based on the deity’s own inscrutable designs.

This moral framework, if we can even call it that, again differs greatly from the ethos of the superhero, who may be faced with hard choices, but who is always trying to protect the innocent and punish the guilty, usually in that order. The trope of protection appears elsewhere in Job, including one passage that jumped out at me because, at least in the English Standard Version, it includes the word “watchman”. In chapter 27, Job declares, “Let my enemy be as the wicked” (27:7), and from the context it’s clear that he means the trio of his slanderous would-be comforters. From there, he rattles off one of the book’s many conventional catalogs of bad things that happen to bad people, including the following:

[The wicked man] builds his house like a moth’s,
like a booth that a watchman makes.
He goes to bed rich, but will do so no more;
he opens his eyes, and his wealth is gone. (27:18-19)

In Job: An Introduction and Commentary, Francis I. Andersen explains this “booth” as “the temporary shelter erected by a watchman in the fields” (pg. 238), in other words a ramshackle structure built for harvest time, to provide a little shade for someone whose job it is to make sure that the yield of the crop isn’t stolen. This temporary structure is like the moth’s cocoon — made for a brief purpose and later destroyed, just as Job claims (or hopes) the houses of the wicked will be destroyed.

Moore, as we’ve established, is using the KJV, which doesn’t employ the word “watchman” here, rendering it instead as “keeper”, but it’s worth noting that at least in this part of Job, the protector has very little protection himself, and is seemingly not valued highly, just as is true of the characters in Watchmen sidelined by the Keene Act.

Dan Dreiberg is one of these characters, brought low despite having the best intentions and trying to do good in his world. When Laurie asks Dan what got him into the adventuring business, he at first self-deprecates (“I was rich, bored…”) but eventually lands on his true reason: “Hollis was my hero.” (pg. 8) Hollis Mason, the original Nite Owl, was one of those rare costumed vigilantes for whom the superhero life was “a goodness thing.” Dan follows that same flight path, fighting crime until his services are rejected by his society.

What are we to make of invoking Job in Dan’s chapter? Is he a Job figure? As we’ve established, he’s someone inherently moral who is cast aside, not by a supernatural manipulator, but just by the changing culture of his time. When the book begins, he has very nearly (but not quite!) given up all things Nite Owl in despair, sinking into endless cycles of nostalgia, not even writing ornithological articles for months. But, like Job, he is uplifted and redeemed by the story’s end. He solves the mystery, survives the apocalypse, and gets the girl. Rorschach accuses him of quitting, but in fact he never does throw away all the “engagement presents,” (pg. 7) instead bringing them out into glory again as he regains his mantle.

Panel from Watchmen Chapter 7 page 21. A heroic close-up of Dan, fully dressed as Nite Owl II.

So no, Dan doesn’t endure horrific suffering anywhere near the scale of Job, but he does follow a similar, albeit greatly reduced, arc of loss and redemption. He also shares with Job a sense of disappointment in some of the companions he hoped would uplift him. He tells Laurie that he wishes the Crimebusters wouldn’t have fallen apart, so that he could have been part of “a fellowship of legendary beings.” (pg. 8) Instead, he is ignored and frightened (by Doctor Manhattan), mocked and disdained (by The Comedian), and ultimately beaten and betrayed (by Ozymandias). And yet, as the epigraph foregrounds for us, Dan is also the book’s greatest example of brotherhood and companionship.

Job is structured around a central character — first we see him “from above” and then his dilemma is outlined in broad terms. From there, we see his relationships strain and fray as his friends turn on him, until the group of them are upbraided by an external party, and then God comes in to scold everyone, after which our hero is restored and we pull back again to the “from above” POV. The book chronicles the breakdown of his bonds to both God and his friends, until reinstating them at the end. Prior to that, where Job invokes brotherhood and companionship, it is to the wailing animals, not to the deity or the humans who have collectively failed him.

Watchmen has no such central axis — instead its relationships are more like a cloud or web, with stronger or weaker interlinks binding a group of single points. And there are plenty of broken bonds. But of them all, it is Dan who creates or affirms personal connections. Even as his ties to many of the would-be Crimebusters are broken, he seeks to reinforce the bonds that remain. Aside from his strong allegiance to Hollis, established from the very beginning, this chapter shows us his blossoming romantic love for Laurie, and ends with him pledging to help Rorschach, sustaining and strengthening that partnership in the name of the superhero “fraternity”.

In fact, there’s a moment of parallelism in these two attachments — Dan’s reluctance to release Laurie’s hand on page 6 of Chapter 7 foreshadows Rorschach gripping Dan’s hand on page 11 of Chapter 10. Both of these moments happen inside the environment Dan created — the Owlship. Unlike Job’s friends, Dan comes to Rorschach’s aid unconditionally and without judgment. Rorschach sees this and acknowledges it eventually.

In the final chapter of Job, he steps up to help his friends, despite having been treated so shabbily by them, thus restoring not only his relationship to God, but his mortal friendships as well. At the close of the book, Job becomes a symbol for brotherhood and companionship too, and has that trait in common with Dan.

In his suffering and redemption, in his brotherhood and companionship, we can see Nite Owl II as a distorted reflection of Job, in a world without the divine authority that unquestionably exists in Bible stories. So if Dan is a small-scale Job figure, does Watchmen have a small-scale God figure?

I would argue that it has several. The obvious one, of course, is Doctor Manhattan, who shares God’s ability to perform miracles. The difference is, Jon has no interest in performing those miracles on behalf of humanity. He watches impassively while The Comedian shoots his pregnant lover, and until Laurie can convince him otherwise, is more than happy to build sand castles on Mars while the humans of Earth destroy each other. Even when he finally arrives at the story’s climax, his behavior is characterized by preventing change rather than causing it.

The supernatural intercession in human affairs comes instead from Ozymandias. In fact, if the creation and command of Behemoth and Leviathan is God’s closing argument for why his moral authority must be respected, then Ozymandias has a counter-argument. He too created a “monstrous animal” as the signifier of his power, at least to the other characters, if not to the world at large.

Panels from chapter 7, pages 23 and 24, of Watchmen. Residents of a burning tenement shout prayers to the sky, and Nite Owl II responds with an announcement that "the situation is being attended to." A child asks if the guy in the space rocket is Jesus.

And yet, Ozymandias is not the only one to create a titanic creature, for Archimedes partakes of both Behemoth and Leviathan, with a good dose of archangel thrown in, as he is at home both in the sky and beneath the waves. Besides Adrian, Dan is the other major creator in the book, and unlike Job, he does control his enormous creation, at least until the power of nature overcomes it.

When the tenement is burning, one of its residents cries out, echoing Job: “Oh God, please save us! We ain’t done anything!” (pg. 23) And in response to this prayer, who emerges? Silk Spectre II and Nite Owl II, borne aloft by the great beast he has made. A child asks, “Mom? That guy in the space rocket, is that Jesus?” And while God and Jesus are absent from Watchmen, there are saviors present at that moment, and one of them is Daniel Dreiberg, the brother to dragons and companion to owls.

Previous Entry: New York Stories

A portrait in profile of Friedrich Nietzsche

The Watchmen Bestiary 41 – Gazing Into Abysses

Those who do not spoil themselves by reading Watchmen will have Watchmen spoiled for them by this post.

Some of these Bestiary entries deal with fairly contained topics — say, a movie, or an opera, or a rock and roll song. Then there are topics like this one. As we step into Chapter 6 of the web annotations, we’re immediately greeted with the source of this chapter’s title quotation and epigraph, which the annotations summarize as: “Nietzsche.”

Nietzsche is a huge topic! Entire books, indeed entire shelves of books, entire careers, have been devoted to exploring the life, philosophies, and works of Friedrich Nietzsche, and although I do my research for each of these entries, I cannot possibly claim to be any kind of authority on such a vast domain of knowledge. So from the very start, I want to be upfront about what I know and what I don’t know. I read three books to prepare for this post:

I also watched my fair share of YouTube videos, read some encyclopedia entries, short essays, and online resources, brushed up on Philosophy 101, and spent a little time lurking on the Nietzsche subreddit. In the process, I’ve become fairly well acquainted with the broad outlines of Nietzsche’s life and the major themes of his work, but I’m certainly no expert. I generally give these posts the tone of a lecture (albeit a fun one, I hope), and this post will be no different, but the nature of this Watchmen project leads me to be a dilettante on its subjects, and I’m really a dilettante on this one. I just felt like I should make that very clear at the outset.

With that disclaimer out of the way, let’s start with the broad outlines of Nietzsche’s life, and look at how his works and ideas have taken on a life of their own since his death. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was born in 1844, the son of a Lutheran pastor. His father’s profession matters, because Nietzsche spent most of his life railing against Christianity, in case that wasn’t clear from Kaufmann labeling him an “Antichrist”. He was a bit of a prodigy, admitted to the prestigious Pforta grammar school as a child, and becoming at age 24 the youngest ever professor of classical philology at the University of Basel. After encountering the works of Arthur Schopenhauer, Nietzsche began incorporating more and more philosophy into his philological lectures.

Unfortunately, he also suffered from ill health starting in early adulthood as well. Just 3 years into his professorship, he took his first leave of absence for health concerns, and in 1879, at 35 years old, he retired on a pension from the university due to sickness. However, the next ten years would find him extraordinarily productive as a writer. He had published various books, lectures, and maxims during his years in academia, but from 1879 to 1889 he produced his greatest works: The Gay Science, Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Beyond Good and Evil, On The Genealogy of Morals, and Twilight of the Idols. In 1889, he suffered a mental collapse, and spent the rest of his life hopelessly insane, dying in 1900. Deborah Hayden and others have argued convincingly that both Nietzsche’s ongoing ill-health and his eventual madness were the result of an early and untreated infection with syphilis.

We call Nietzsche a philosopher, but his work can take forms that don’t exactly feel like philosophical tracts. Thus Spoke Zarathustra is in fact a sort of story, about a prophet who comes down from the mountains (then goes back up, then down again, several times), has various encounters with people (often allegorically framed), and declaims his thoughts through the entire thing. As J. Keeping points out in Watchmen and Philosophy: A Rorschach Test:

Zarathustra resembles an epic poem as much as it does a philosophical treatise. Nietzsche’s contemporaries were used to the dry disseminations of Immanuel Kant and G.W.F. Hegel and had no idea what to think of it… The language is florid and evocative; to many readers, it sounds like the Bible. (pg. 59)

Nietzsche also writes actual poetry, and is drawn to what scholars tend to call “aphorisms” — brief-to-middling discourses that can be angry, funny, rambling, pointed, or any number of other moods and approaches.

These styles, elliptical and sometimes obscure, exaggerated, or self-contradictory, lend themselves to varied interpretations. Add to this the fact that his poetic German offers a wide range of translation options, and that these translations can often differ from each other dramatically, as we’ll see later in this post. These traits would work much to the detriment of understanding Nietzsche after his insanity and death, when his sister took possession of his works and estate.

A portrait-style photo of Nietzsche, circa 1875

Oh, and he sported an absolutely epic moustache.

According to Kaufmann, Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche took on the German nationalist and antisemitic views of her husband (who committed suicide after the failure of their eugenicist Nueva Germania colony in Paraguay), and edited Nietzsche’s works in accordance with her prejudices. Consequently, Nietzsche came to be identified with what became the Nazi Party, and the Nazis for their part cherry-picked his philosophies to underpin their racist, autocratic, and imperialistic Reich.

Nietzsche, meanwhile, had frequently proclaimed himself an implacable enemy of State power, and a devoted “anti-anti-Semite.” (Kaufmann pg. 44. I’m using the modern styling of antisemite and antisemitism except when quoting sources that use the old styling.) It wasn’t until the 1950s that Kaufmann and other scholars rehabilitated Nietzsche’s image, placing him “in the grand tradition of Western thought” (pg. xxi) and leading the Nietzsche renaissance that allowed him by 1986 to be quoted uncontroversially in a literary comic book.

The Abyss Also Gazes

Which brings us back to Chapter 6 of Watchmen. This issue focuses entirely on Rorschach, framing his biography through interviews with a prison psychologist, along with present-day scenes of the psychologist at home and Rorschach interacting with the other prisoners. The chapter is called “The Abyss Gazes Also”, and ends with this epigraph:

Battle not with monsters, lest ye become a monster,
and if you gaze into the abyss, the abyss gazes also into you.

That quote comes from Nietzsche’s Beyond Good And Evil, specifically a section called “Maxims and Interludes”. BG+E as a whole consists of 296 aphorisms (and a little poem at the end), most of which range from a half-page to several pages. However, the aphorisms in the “Maxims” section are much shorter, generally just a sentence or two. In this way, they’re reminiscent of Blake’s “Proverbs of Hell” — a set of pithy thoughts encased in a more discursive work. Similarly, Nietzsche’s desire to transcend binaries with a title like Beyond Good and Evil brings to mind Blake’s joy in the tension of opposites, his desire to marry heaven to hell.

Unlike Blake’s work, though, Nietzsche only comes to us in English through translation, and as I mentioned, those translations can change the meaning of a passage pretty dramatically. This aphorism is a case in point. The translation I read, by R.J. Hollingdale, rendered it as follows:

He who fights with monsters should look to it that he himself does not become a monster. And when you gaze long into an abyss the abyss also gazes into you. (pg. 102)

There’s no doubt that the Watchmen translation is more poetic, with its Biblical “ye” and its Yoda-esque “Battle not”. “The Abyss Gazes Also” is surely a more evocative chapter title than “The Abyss Also Gazes”. And yet, there are significant differences in meaning here that make the more poetic version feel also like more of a disservice to Nietzsche.

Watchmen‘s version exhorts us to “battle not with monsters”, warning of the consequences that the battle could bring. But Nietzsche’s core philosophies involve exercising power and overcoming one’s own limitations — he wants us to battle our monsters! Sure, he has some advice about what to watch out for when doing so, but he would not be on board with the forbidding “battle not”.

Similarly, in the abyss sentence, the “if” of Watchmen‘s translation stands in contrast to the “when” of Hollingdale’s, as well as Hollingdale’s addition of “long”. For the Nietzschean, it is not a matter of whether we gaze into the abyss — it cannot be avoided forever. Eventually, we all find ourselves gazing into it, and when that gaze lingers, the darkness we see there touches the darkness in ourselves.

What is that abyss? Like many things in Nietzsche, it’s open to interpretation. For Malcolm Long, the abyss seems to be Rorschach himself. Long’s story provides the most straightforward context for this chapter’s epigraph, as he seems both to battle Rorschach as a monster, and to gaze into him as an abyss. That abyss gazes back, as the chapter explicitly calls out. On the very first page, Long writes about Rorschach, “I could stare at him for hours… except that he stares back, which I find uncomfortable.” And again, at the top of page two: “I just wish he wouldn’t stare at me like that,” just above the chapter title, bold black capital letters on a white background.

Watchmen chapter 6, page 2, panel 1. Long and Rorschach sit opposite each other, with the caption "I just wish he wouldn't stare at me like that." Below is the chapter title: The Abyss Gazes Also

“No problem is beyond the grasp of a good psychoanalyst,” Long writes to himself in his notes, and thus he sets himself in opposition to Rorschach. He sees Rorschach as the monster that has taken over the innocent Walter, and he hopes to banish the former, thereby saving the latter. Naturally, he opposes Rorschach’s self-identification, insisting on calling him Walter, a name that Rorschach might call his deadname, were such modern parlance available to him.

That dichotomy plays out throughout the chapter. Gloria says “Rorschach,” and Malcolm corrects her: “Not Rorschach. Walter Kovacs. Rorschach’s an unhealthy fantasy personality.” Rorschach himself battles back against the deadnaming: “You keep calling me Walter. I don’t like you.” And indeed, as Long learns more about Rorschach’s life, and about Rorschach’s behavior in the prison, the distinction between Walter and Rorschach becomes no longer quite so, well, black and white. In writing about the cooking fat attack, he catches himself: “He’s getting worse. So am I. Just read back what I’ve written above. The sixth line down should read, ‘Kovacs spoke to the other inmates.’ Kovacs. Not Rorschach.” We also see his diction start to slip just a little — “Just read back” rather than “I just read back” — edging slightly into Rorschach’s own terse, clipped mode of speech.

Long’s slippage continues the next day: “Alright, Ror… Alright, Walter…”, and moments later Rorschach himself acknowledges that at one point in his history, the distinction wasn’t so clear for him either, that he was “Kovacs pretending to be Rorschach.” He speaks of Kovacs in the past tense: “All Kovacs ever was: man in a costume.” And Malcolm comes to see it the same way, writing of “what turned him into Rorschach.” The next day, Long’s resistance has faded. “Hello, Rorschach,” he says. During their session that day, Rorschach makes explicit the moment of his own metamorphosis: “It was Kovacs who said ‘Mother’ then, muffled under latex. It was Kovacs who closed his eyes. It was Rorschach who opened them again.”

Rorschach’s story devastates Long, and in Long’s notes from that night, he sounds more Rorschach-like than ever: “Ignored him. Bought paper.” He looks at the blots and, like Rorschach, sees gore. Then that gore slips into emptiness. Malcolm Long has been transformed.

Has he, though, become a monster? He’s certainly become more like Rorschach, and not just in his mode of writing. In Chapter 11, he heads towards Joey and Aline’s fight. His words to Gloria — “It’s the world… I can’t run from it” — echo what Rorschach tells him in Chapter 6: “We do not do this thing because it is permitted. We do it because we have to. We do it because we are compelled.”

The question, then, turns on whether Rorschach himself is a monster, and this chapter gives us plenty of material to consider on that point. I would argue that while the Malcolm Long reading of the epigraph is the most easily available, Nietzsche’s words apply as much or more to Rorschach himself, because this chapter is as much about Rorschach’s transformation as Long’s.

In his childhood flashbacks, we see the experiences that guided Walter Kovacs’s decision to battle with what he saw as monsters: his teenaged bullies, “scum” like the murderer of Kitty Genovese, organized crime bosses. He battled those monsters, but he did not become them. From the perspective of later Rorschach, that version of the battle was “naive” and “soft”. However, even in these early days there is an exception: when he stabs the bully’s eye with a lit cigarette, he has escalated well beyond anything that was being done to him, though there were certainly threats in the air at that moment that could have turned into more.

Watchmen chapter 6, page 7, panels 4 and 5. Young Kovacs stabs a bully in the eye with a lit cigarette, then leaps on another.

That moment of fiery wrath foreshadows the inferno that will consume Gerald Grice. Here is the ultimate monster with whom Kovacs does battle in this chapter, and here is where he becomes Rorschach. Kovacs has promised Blaire Roche’s parents that he will return her unharmed, but when he sees (what he believes to be) her bones chewed by dogs, that promise cannot be kept, and that impossibility is so intolerable that Kovacs himself must be banished, replaced by Rorschach. Rorschach, who believes that there is good, and there is evil, and evil must be punished, sets about to punish the evil that he has witnessed here, first by murdering the dogs, and then by giving Grice the grisly choice of dying in a fire or sawing his own arm off.

His story ends with a long gaze into flames and the darkness he feels all about him — the “dark planet” beneath him, the “cold suffocating dark” of the sky. The abyss. In doing so, he describes the feeling of that abyss staring back: “The void breathed hard on my heart, turning its illusions to ice, shattering them.” From that moment, he saw the world as morally blank, and himself as the agent who could mark it. Walter Kovacs had been transformed.

Thus Malcolm Long in this issue really gazes into two abysses: the abyss that is Rorschach, and the abyss that made Rorschach. Similarly, while he may see Rorschach as his monster to battle, he is finally made to see the monsters Rorschach himself has battled — mother, bullies, crime, indifference, horrific murder.

But none of this answers the earlier question: have they become monsters themselves? It’s not an easy question to answer. Long is changed, but he does not create a costume, adopt a new identity, and fight crime. He does not invent another personality to repair his fundamental failure. Kovacs is changed, and he is now capable of horrific murder himself, as well as brutal bullying, such as breaking men’s fingers in sleazy bars. Yet in other places, we see him adjusting his crusade so as not to hurt a child (when confronting his landlady), or fervently grasping Dan’s hand despite his assertion that it was Kovacs who had friends.

The question of whether we can apply the label of “monster” brings us to concepts of moral valuation, concepts that were very important to Nietzsche. It is also an enormous domain, one whose exploration could spawn a huge project of its own. I’m not going to attempt to put Long or Rorschach on trial against Nietzsche’s — or anyone’s — tables of moral values, if those tables could even be clearly defined. There is, however, a central concept by which Nietzsche tries to unite the values of varying cultures, and I’ll return to it later as a part of outlining Nietzsche’s most important precepts and how they relate to Watchmen overall.

Before that, though, there is one specific value I’d like to interrogate a little further: the value of truth. In Philosophy 101, Peter Gibson asserts: “Truth is at the center of human life, and at the center of philosophy… Truth may even be the supreme value of philosophy.” (pg. 24) From there, however, he goes on to detail some of the objections to this centrality, and mentions that Nietzsche “challenged the reverential aura around truth.” (pg. 27) And so he did, as in this excerpt from the very first aphorism of Beyond Good and Evil:

Granted we want truth: why not rather untruth? And uncertainty? Even ignorance? — The problem of the value of truth stepped before us — or was it we who stepped before this problem? Which of us is Oedipus here? Which of us sphinx?

Long seeks the truth about how Rorschach formed his identity, and the process of discovering that truth changes him so profoundly that his marriage falls apart. The man who once proclaimed, “I’m too fat and contented for anything to ruin my disposition,” finds himself sitting alone in a darkened bedroom, deep in an existential crisis. He’s far less contented, knowing Rorschach’s truth. Might he be better off in uncertainty, or ignorance, still believing himself very good with people?

Similarly, Rorschach himself militantly asserts truth as an unqualified good, even in the face of armageddon. Knowing of Ozymandias’s vast trick, “evil must be punished” means to him that “people must be told.” This purist stance is completely consistent with his character, but as we see in the other characters, its value assertion is subject to question. Why not rather untruth in this situation? For Rorschach, truth is good and good is truth, and that tautology is all he needs. As readers steeped in the Western tradition against which Nietzsche rails, we might be inclined to agree. But Ozymandias has everyone else convinced of a different morality, in which ignorance (at the mass scale) is in fact a greater good than truth.

Watchmen, chapter 12, page 23, panel 5. Rorschach, with Dr. Manhattan behind him, saying "Back to owlship. Back to America. Evil must be punished. People must be told."

Veidt’s untruth creates the possibility of peace in a world that seemed on the edge of self-destruction. But that untruth also called for millions of sacrifices — is there any justice in their deaths serving a lie? In Ozymandias’s eyes, if the lie were unraveled, those deaths would be in vain, and billions more would likely die. Does that belief really justify falsehood? It’s a rich set of questions. In Watchmen and Philosophy, Alex Nuttall uses it to explore utilitarianism and Kant’s categorical imperative. For our purposes, we can call it the first resonance of Nietzsche and Watchmen beyond the words of the Chapter 6 epigraph. There are many more.

The Table of Overcomings

There’s a world of Nietzsche beyond the monsters and abysses aphorism, and his views have so permeated modern consciousness that any given 20th century work of literature is likely to have echoes of them. Let’s take a look at some of his most important concepts, and how Watchmen reflects and refracts them.

“God is dead”

If there is one phrase associated in the popular imagination with Nietzsche, this would have to be it. The idea appears first in 1882’s The Gay Science, framed in an aphorism about a madman who cries “I seek God! I seek God!”, and then turns on his bemused onlookers, saying, “We have killed him — you and I.” (Kaufmann pg. 96-97) The notion reappears quite early in Thus Spoke Zarathustra, when Zarathustra encounters an old, saintly hermit in the forest, who continuously praises God. Zarathustra later muses to himself, “Could it be possible? This old saint has not yet heard in his forest that God is dead!” (pg. 41)

Rorschach shares the same revelation in his climactic story: “Looked at sky through smoke heavy with human fat and God was not there. The cold, suffocating dark goes on forever, and we are alone.” The transformed Malcolm, staring at an ink blot in the dark, agrees: “We are alone. There is nothing else.” In this way, perhaps Rorschach functions as a kind of Zarathustra to Malcolm, a mysterious and powerful teacher whose lesson bends the mind into seeing the darkness and emptiness around it.

And yet! In the Watchmen universe, the God may be absent but a god is very much present in the form of Dr. Manhattan. With his seeming omnipotence, and near omniscience, Dr. Manhattan represents a version of divinity alive and incarnate on earth, but missing both the benevolence and the vengefulness of the traditional Jehovah, and therefore perhaps more terrifying than the notion of a dead God ever was. What would Zarathustra make of this ultra-powerful being? He probably wouldn’t recognize him as God, or even a god, but might see in him the apotheosis he seeks: the Superman.

Übermensch

Early in Thus Spoke Zarathustra, the prophet comes down from his mountains for the first time, and speaks to the people of the nearest town:

I teach you the Superman. Man is something that should be overcome. What have you done to overcome him? (pg. 41)

TSZ is a book that loves its recurring refrains, and “I teach you the Superman” becomes one of them, in this section and future sections. Nietzsche is, of course, using a German word — Übermensch — which Hollingdale translates as “Superman“, Kaufmann prefers as “Overman“, and Keeping just leaves untranslated. For my part, I’m sticking with “Superman” because it feels closest in tone to the subjects of this post. (I’m also noting, but not engaging with, the oppressive gender assumptions that underpin this and a whole lot more of Nietzsche’s work.) For Zarathustra, who is more or less a stand-in for Nietzsche, the Superman concept is inextricably tied up with the death of God.

A parody cover of Superman, with the word Ubermensch instead of Superman, and Nietzsche tearing open his shirt to reveal a "U" logo in the style of Superman's "S".

It’s hard to overstate how profound an impact Darwin’s theory of evolution had upon Western thought. For centuries upon centuries, the veracity of Christian scripture was largely unchallenged, and the bulk of social and political structures were formed around that set of beliefs. That authority started eroding midway through the 1600s, and scientific inquiry and scientific thinking reached a peak with Darwin’s theory that fundamentally threatened the notion that humans were created by God, and in turn, threatened religious belief overall. Thus it was that On The Origin of Species was published in 1859, and a mere 23 years later we find Nietzsche proclaiming the death of God.

But in the absence of a divine overseer, what guides us? For Nietzsche (via Zarathustra), the very idea of evolution points towards the answer, as in the passage immediately following the previous quote:

All creatures hitherto have created something beyond themselves: and do you want to be the ebb of this great tide, and return to the animals rather than overcome man?
What is the ape to men? A laughing-stock or a painful embarrassment. And just so shall man be to the Superman: a laughing-stock or a painful embarrassment.
[…]
Behold, I teach you the Superman.
The Superman is the meaning of the earth. Let your will say: The Superman shall be the meaning of the earth!

If evolution has taken us this far, far enough to recognize the falsehood of our long-preferred explanation for ourselves, we are free to become the very creator whom we always believed was external to us. In overcoming our weaknesses, becoming the ultimate version of ourselves (or in Nietzsche’s framing, “becoming who we are” [Kaufmann pg. 159]), we may take evolution into our own hands, and learn to be as superior to humans as humans are to apes. On an earth rendered meaningless by the death of God, human beings can become the architects of their own meaning.

We can read the superhero genre as an extended meditation on this concept, starting with Siegel and Schuster’s Superman himself. Here is a being that is indeed far superior to humans, but in the end, Superman/Kent is an alien — he is among humans, but not of them. He does not represent an overcoming. The next major hero to come along, Batman, is much closer. Bruce Wayne, driven by childhood trauma, perfects himself physically and uses the enormous economic and intellectual power he already possesses to craft technologies that elevate him above the rest of humanity.

These archetypes repeat over and over through the genre — Thor and Iron Man are a couple of Marvel examples — and they cover most of Watchmen as well. Most of the costumed characters in the book are in the Batman mold, Nite Owl II most of all. Through various combinations of technology and training, they have elevated themselves above what Nietzsche would call “the herd”, attempting to create something beyond themselves, to become who they are. (Or, in Laurie’s case, who her mother wants her to be.) Doctor Manhattan, on the other hand, has become fundamentally something other than human — a Superman, an Overman, an Übermensch, and a creator of sorts, but one who is not the architect of his own destiny, trapped instead in a single jewel of time.

The Eternal Recurrence

Zarathustra has an abyss of his own. In a chapter called “The Convalescent”, he springs out of bed, crying:

I, Zarathustra, the advocate of life, the advocate of suffering, the advocate of the circle — I call you, my most abysmal thought!
Ah! you are coming — I hear you! My abyss speaks, I have turned my ultimate depth into the light! (pg. 233)

What is this abyss? It is his disgust with the triviality of humanity — “Alas, that his wickedest is so very small! Alas, that his best is so very small!” (pg. 235) — combined with this knowledge, spoken by his abysmal thought: “The man of whom you are weary, the little man, recurs eternally… Alas, man recurs eternally! The little man recurs eternally!” (pg. 236)

Drawing of a snake swallowing its tail, forming a circle

One of Zarathustra’s animals is the snake, seen here in ouroboros form symbolizing eternal recurrence.

Upon hearing his outpouring, the animals he lives with reply to him. (Yeah, he lives with talking animals.) They say:

Sing and bubble over, O Zarathustra, heal your soul with new songs, so that you may bear your great destiny, that was never yet the destiny of any man!
For your animals well know, O Zarathustra, who you are and must become: behold, you are the teacher of the eternal recurrence, that is now your destiny!…
Behold, we know what you teach: that all things recur eternally, and we ourselves with them, and that we have already existed an infinite number of times before and all things with us.

If you’ve been reading this Bestiary series for a while, that refrain ought to sound awfully familiar. For one thing, this stance outside of time, treating it as an object, evokes both Doctor Manhattan’s point of view and the reader’s. For another, this specific idea of eternalism has become, well, a recurring fascination for Alan Moore, reaching its quintessential expression in his novel Jerusalem. There, and elsewhere, he talks of time as a “glass football” — big bang at one end, big crunch at another. In between exists all time in one great “hypermoment”, only ordered into linearity by our conscious minds.

Alma Warren, Moore’s self-insertion character in Jerusalem, does not experience this concept as an abysmal thought. Instead, she is greatly relieved by the notion that “…every miserable wretch is one of the immortals. Every clearance area is the eternal golden city.” (pg. 1262) Nietzsche’s self-insertion character Zarathustra, too, eventually finds ecstasy in eternalism. In the section titled “The Seven Seals”, each aphorism ends with, “Oh how should I not lust for eternity and for the wedding ring of rings — the Ring of Recurrence! […] For I love you, O Eternity!” (pg. 244-247)

For Nietzsche, the idea of eternal recurrence seems to be a sort of thought experiment — how would you live your life if you knew that you’d re-experience your every action, over and over again for eternity? If your actions are small and worth little, this might be a horrifying thought. If your actions are grand, if you are constantly in the process of becoming more and more a Superman, such repetition might be amazing. For Moore, the glass football seems to be pretty much what he views as the actual truth of the universe. Both of them, though, come to embrace a block universe absent of free will, ruled over by fate.

Amor fati

Nietzsche frequently reiterated that amor fati — the love of fate — was his “inmost nature”, and central to his philosophy. He idealizes this stance in his final book, Ecce Homo:

My formula for the greatness of a human being is amor fati: that one wants nothing to be different, not forward, not backward, not in all eternity. (quoted in Kaufmann, pg. 243)

Kaufmann, in explaining how this greatness implies an affirmation of the present moment that extends beyond the present, frames our current moment as a point in an infinitely complex web:

That I am here, now, doing this — that depends on an awe-inspiring series of antecedent events, on millions of seemingly accidental moves and decisions, both by myself and many others whose moves and decisions in turn depended on yet other people. And our very existence, our being as we are, required that our parents had to choose each other, not anyone else, and beget us at the precise moment when we were actually begotten; and the same consideration applies to their parents, and to all our ancestors, going back indefinitely. (pg. 282)

He was very likely not on the surface of Mars when he wrote that, but he sounds an awful lot like someone who is:

Watchmen chapter 9, pages 26 and 27, Dr. Manhattan's speech. "Thermodynamic miracles... events with odds against so astronomical that they're effectively impossible, like oxygen spontaneously becoming gold. I long to observe such a thing. And yet, in each human coupling, a thousand million sperm vie for a single egg. Multiply those odds by countless generations, against the odds of your ancestors being alive; meeting; siring this precise son; that exact daughter... until your mother loves a man she has every reason to hate, and of that union, of the thousand million children competing for fertilization, it was you, only you, that emerged. To distill so specific a form from that chaos of improbability, like turning air to gold... that is the crowning unlikelihood. The thermodynamic miracle."

This speech was Jon’s explanation to Laurie of why her life isn’t meaningless, and in fact, Laurie finds her own amor fati by the end of the book. Whereas on Mars she despairs that her life is a big, stupid, meaningless joke, by the time she visits Sally in Florida, she no longer wants anything to be different:

People’s lives take them strange places. They do strange things, and… well, sometimes they can’t talk about them. I know how that is. I love you, Mom. You never did anything wrong by me.

She also embraces the legacy of both her parents. Adventuring in costume is now something she wants to do, not something forced upon her. And she wants to do it in leather armor and a mask, with a gun, just like The Comedian. She is becoming herself at last, overcoming her nihilistic and frightened thoughts, choosing power.

Self-Overcoming and the Will To Power

As I mentioned above, concepts of moral valuation were very important to Nietzsche. Through his philological studies, he found that different cultures asserted different moral codes, and that in fact unique moral codes are part of what defines a separate culture and prevents it from being subsumed by others. And yet, as a philosopher, he sought a unifying theory that successfully places all these codes under a single rubric. As he so often did, he put the results into Zarathustra’s mouth:

No people could live without evaluating; but if it wishes to maintain itself it must not evaluate as its neighbor evaluates.
Much that seemed good to one people seemed shame and disgrace to another: thus I found. I found much that was called evil in one place was in another decked with purple honours.
One neighbour never understood another: his soul was always amazed at his neighbour’s madness and wickedness.
A table of values hangs over every people. Behold, it is the table of overcomings; behold, it is the voice of its will to power.
What it accounts hard it calls praiseworthy; what it accounts indispensable and hard it calls good; and that which relieves the greatest need, the rare, the hardest of all — it glorifies as holy. (pg. 84)

Kaufmann calls this “nothing less than a generic definition of morality, an attempt to crystallize the common essence of all moral codes.” (pg. 211) For Nietzsche, the concept of will to power — the constant strengthening of humans by overcoming each other, their environment, and most importantly themselves — was a crucial counterpart to the other aspects of his philosophy. If God is dead, we can only become our own creators by exercising the will to power necessary to attain the level of the Superman. If we recur eternally, it is imperative that what repeats is our constant improvement through self-overcoming, embracing our circumstances in order to transcend them.

Because of its very encompassing nature, will to power is inevitably at work in almost any story, and Watchmen is no different. Chapter 6 plays out as a long power struggle between Long and Rorschach, each trying to overcome the other. In the end, it is Rorschach who prevails, and how does he do so? By telling the story of how Rorschach overcame Walter, triumphing over his squalid origins by exerting the power of his own moral code. By scrawling his own design on the world.

Laurie and Dan will themselves to power as well, stepping back into their costumed identities to change the world, both before and after New York’s apocalypse. Even Doctor Manhattan, who frequently seems to be all power and no will, has moments of self-overcoming — his epiphany about thermodynamic miracles, or his decision to create life rather than just observing it or being tangled in it.

But the ultimate expression of will to power in Watchmen is surely Ozymandias, and it goes back to his origin. I don’t just mean the character’s life story, though that plainly is an example of self-overcoming as well, at least in Veidt’s own telling. I mean the character’s origin as an adaptation of Peter Cannon, Thunderbolt. Peter Cannon’s stories, indeed his superpower, revolved around his willpower — it’s through his strength of will that he unlocks the potential of his brain and body. Ozymandias, too, has continually overcome his own limitations, honing himself physically and mentally while reaping the economic benefits of selling that selfsame concept to the masses.

The debut issue cover of Peter Cannon... Thunderbolt.

Under this moral umbrella, the question of who is and isn’t a monster appears in a different light. Just as one neighbor is always amazed at the other’s madness and wickedness, so too do the different characters in Watchmen alienate each other with their own versions of self-overcoming. Long sees Rorschach as a monster until he sees what Rorschach has overcome, and begins the journey of overcoming himself in the same way, a journey we see expressed in his last moments on Earth. Has he become a monster? It depends on where you stand. What has happened, though, is that he has found his will to power.

The plot of Watchmen revolves around a grand exercise of Adrian Veidt’s will to power, and it asks the question: is that exercise monstrous? Each character has a different answer, but the world cannot answer, because at least as of the end of the book, the truth behind that power is cloaked. Disguised. Masked.

Masks

Aphorism 69 of Beyond Good and Evil begins, “Everything profound loves the mask”. Nietzsche’s point in this aphorism seems to be that the most “fragile and valuable” parts of ourselves require the protection of a thorough disguise, and that in fact our most delicate truths and extravagant loves cannot help but constantly grow masks, due to the world’s ongoing misinterpretation of our greatest thoughts, words, and actions.

Unlike the death of God, the Superman, the eternal recurrence, or the will to power, the mask motif is not central to Nietzsche’s thought, but it comes up several times in BG+E, and certainly seems quite relevant to the themes of Watchmen. Aphorism 223 expands the metaphor to include costumes, framing European culture as a series of affectations — “romantic or classical or Christian or Florentine or baroque or ‘national'” (pg. 152) — all of which fail to fit and must be discarded. He suggests for a moment that this may be a sort of evolution, but lands finally on the notion that nineteenth century European culture has become at last a comedy:

Perhaps it is precisely here that we are discovering the realm of our invention, that realm where we too can still be original, perhaps as parodists of world history and God’s buffoons — perhaps, even if nothing else of today has a future, precisely our laughter may still have a future!

This is the realm of invention belonging to The Comedian, isn’t it? As the character with the clearest sight in Watchmen, he has discarded the ill-fitting personas of crimefighter, savior, and legendary being. Instead, in Rorschach’s words, “He saw the true face of the twentieth century and chose to become a reflection, a parody of it,” and he did so precisely because of his belief that nothing of his day had a future. But is there anything profound hidden behind that mask, or is it just another abyss?

Aphorism 270 argues that suffering is what necessitates the mask, and that the more one knows, the more one suffers, and thus the more one requires a disguise to shield that suffering from an ignorant world: “sometimes folly itself is the mask for an unhappy, all too certain knowledge.” Rorschach certainly believes that this portrait describes The Comedian: “No one else saw the joke. That’s why he was lonely.” As readers, though, we don’t see The Comedian suffering due to his superior understanding of modernity. Instead, his anguish comes from having gazed long into the abyss of Adrian Veidt’s world-saving plan. It is an unhappy, all too certain knowledge, but it is what breaks Blake’s mask of folly rather than creating it.

Perhaps Rorschach may have been projecting onto Blake, because we certainly see in Chapter 6 that he has endured great suffering himself. Nietzsche claims in this aphorism that “profound suffering ennobles; it separates”, and that “there are free insolent spirits who would like to conceal and deny that they are broken, proud, incurable hearts”. Rorschach has suffered profoundly, but it’s hard to make the case that it has ennobled him — he hovers instead between monster and abyss. But looking at his tear-streaked face at the end of Chapter 12, echoing that same face in childhood having been brought to tears by his mother’s blows, it’s not hard to see him as a broken, proud, incurable heart.

Juxtaposed panels from Watchmen of Rorschach crying -- first as a child and later facing Dr. Manhattan

The Poets Lie Too Much

That poignant image, of a helpless Rorschach superimposed upon a helpless Kovacs, may lead us to question what “will to power” even means for this character. Free as he may have felt to scrawl his own design upon the world, Rorschach eventually reaches the limits of his capability when confronted by a true Superman. Yet it’s worth remembering that for Nietzsche, will to power didn’t simply mean always getting one’s own way. Instead, what he emphasized about it was its evolutionary character, combined with the unique human ability to reflect and decide upon one’s actions. Kaufmann puts it thus:

Nature is not perfectly rational and does not efficiently fulfill her own longing for perfection. Recognizing this, Nietzsche speaks of the will to power; but he leaves no doubt that this drive is an Eros and can be fulfilled only through self-perfection. (pg. 256)

This Eros, for Nietzsche, derives all its power from human creativity, and the self-overcoming for which he strives is a profoundly creative, generative, artistic expression. It doesn’t matter that Rorschach can’t rule the universe. What matters is that he has taken the wretched raw materials of his past and applied his imagination to them, creating for himself a new version, one which looks on the last one as a laughing-stock or a painful embarrassment.

And yet, I don’t think Nietzsche or Zarathustra would gaze upon Rorschach and proclaim him a Superman. Yes, he has overcome himself, but he has done so by embracing an absolutely Manichean worldview, insisting that there is good and there is evil, with no shades of grey. But Nietzsche, as his title keeps reminding us, wants to move beyond good and evil. In aphorism 56 of that book, he refers to the “spell and illusion of morality” and pronounces it “world-denying”.

Against this, he sets “the ideal of the most exuberant, most living and most world-affirming man”, whose joyous amor fati embraces everything that is and was, and wants it to recur eternally. In my view, this stance is not relativism. It’s not nihilist, it’s not passive, and it’s not even amoral.

Look, there is obviously a tension between the idea of amor fati and eternal recurrence on the one side, and will to power reaching towards the Superman on the other side. We might want to ask Nietzsche to make up his mind here — should we embrace everything (including ourselves) just as it is, recurring over and over, or should we strive to overcome ourselves and reach towards Superhumanity? I think the key to this seeming paradox is in the idea of being world-affirming and life-affirming.

For Nietzsche, the truest and best manifestations of will to power are not about prevention, but about production. They create rather than destroy, begin rather than halt. This is what’s so ironic about his philosophies being adopted by the Nazis, who sought to wipe out entire categories of humanity and to impose by totalitarian force a single will upon the world. The world-affirming, life-affirming man idealized by Nietzsche does not try to make the world over in his own image — he tries to make himself over in the image of what he loves the most, purging his weaknesses in the process. To again invoke a modern phrase, he tries to become his “best self”. In doing so, he asserts values that may indeed transform the world, but that transformation is simply a side-effect of the essential act of self-perfection.

Thus it is that Kaufmann calls Nietzsche’s philosophy “a sustained celebration of creativity — and all genuine creation is, as we have tried to show, a creation of new values and norms.” (pg. 414) By these lights, the reinvention and/or extension of one’s own identity into a super-heroic alter ego may be seen as fundamentally an act of extravagant creativity, allied with an event of self-overcoming, a combination which brings one close to Nietzsche’s idealized Superman. However, as we see with Rorschach and the other Watchmen characters, that self-creation may ultimately be limited by all-too-human desires: revenge, money, sex, and above all an attachment to simplistic, straightforward solutions and moral codes. The spirit of Nietzsche would not necessarily celebrate these creations as the type of overcomings he seeks.

Watchmen chapter 9, page 12, panels 5 and 6. Thirteen-year-old Laurie reacts with horror at seeing Byron's mental deterioration, saying "Jesus, is that what I'm training for? What I got to look forward to?"

I wonder, though, if he might celebrate the creativity of Watchmen in its entirety? The “Of Poets” section of Thus Spoke Zarathustra deals with creation and creativity itself, and Zarathustra implicates himself within it, speaking to a disciple:

“Yet what did Zarathustra once say to you? That the poets lie too much? — But Zarathustra too is a poet.
Do you now believe that he spoke the truth? Why do you believe it?”
The disciple answered: “I believe in Zarathustra.” But Zarathustra shook his head and smiled.
Belief does not make me blessed (he said), least of all belief in myself.
But granted that someone has said in all seriousness that the poets lie too much: he is right — we do lie too much.
We know too little and are bad learners: so we have to lie. (pg. 149)

As J. Keeping noted, TSZ reads like an epic poem, with Nietzsche as the poet and Zarathustra himself speaking through most of it in poetic cadences. From within that work, Zarathustra asserts that the poets lie too much, and includes himself in that judgment. Of course, Zarathustra is simply the voice of the actual poet, Nietzsche — in fact the “Z” of Zarathustra is just a rotated “N”. Thus Nietzsche, from within his own story, confronts the limits of storytelling.

Watchmen, too, can be read as a meditation on fiction, what it can and cannot do to change reality. We’ve looked at how each character’s superheroic alter ego is a kind of creative fiction, meant to change themselves and make them more capable of changing the world. Each character discovers the limits of those changes as the story progresses, often finding that they know too little and are bad learners.

There are also actual writers within the book, such as Doug Roth from Nova Express and Hector Godfrey of the New Frontiersman. Each of these men works to advance a point of view through their own versions of journalism, and neither is aware of the larger forces directing and circumscribing their efforts. Closer to a poet is Max Shea, the comic book writer whose Black Freighter work echoes the themes of Watchmen‘s plot, and who in working for Veidt finds himself authoring a much more real tale than he understands. Hira Manish is in the same boat, as it were, her paintings and designs stretching from the canvas to actual, biological creation.

None of these creators understand that they are being treated as characters and story beats by the grandest author within Watchmen: Ozymandias. Veidt’s apocalypse, as I’ve written before, operates as an act of authorship within the story, an attempt to rewrite reality into a form he could tolerate. And yet, as we see on the final page, a competing narrative looms on the horizon, and if it rushes into the space vacated by Hector Godfrey’s column, it may twist the world’s plot once more.

All of those possibilities swirl within the world created by Watchmen, which of course is an act of authorship itself, with Moore as its Shea and Gibbons/Higgins as its Manish. I can see Watchmen‘s creation as an expression of will to power within comics, looking on its predecessors as laughing-stocks or painful embarrassments. And yet, just like the creations within it, Watchmen itself has had its share of unintended consequences, from helping to usher in the Dark Age of Comics to the fact that its ongoing popularity exploded the contractual assumption that Moore expected would return his characters to him.

There’s also the fact that Moore claimed that he was hoping Watchmen would “scare a little bit so that people would just stop and think about their country and their politics”, but much like Elvis Costello’s attempts to unseat Thatcher, Watchmen didn’t exactly halt the Cold War. Was Watchmen itself, like Veidt’s hoax, a grand yet likely futile attempt to get humanity to recognize itself? Perhaps.

What seems beyond dispute is that Watchmen created new values and norms for the comics medium, and that they continue to resonate today. Just as DC continuity can be split into “pre-Crisis” and “post-Crisis“, so can superhero comics themselves divide into pre-Watchmen and post-Watchmen. That impact was the result of a will to power among its authors, and made it into an elevated version of the Superhero comic, a sort of Überbuch. We have gazed long into it (certainly I have!), and in turn, it has shown us things in the genre and ourselves that we would not have known without it.

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